Land Law - Land lease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Land Law - Land lease - Essay Example In Bruton v London & Quadrant Housing Trust1, have upheld the existence of contractual, non-proprietary rights lease where the landlord has no proprietary estate from which to grant a proprietary lease. However, it must be created in the proper manner and it must satisfy the definition contained in LPA 1925 s. 205(1)(xxvii). The 1925 scheme was reformed in 1986 (Land Registration Act 1986) and again by the 2002 Act, which has been accused of introducing yet more confusion to the law of leases. There are 3 kinds of lease, legal lease, equitable lease and tenancies by estoppel. Legal lease created by deed, this includes periodic tenancies (LPA 1925 SS. 52, 54). Due to the doctrine of Walsh v Lonsdale2, a contract for a lease operates as an equitable lease without any further action being necessary. The LP (MP) A3 1989 s. 2 supersedes s. 40 of the LPA 1925. A tenancy by estopple operates where the landlord has no title to the land when a lease is granted. The LRA 2002 has made substantial changes to the formalities required for leases, most of which require registration or protection on the land register. Three types of lease are recognised by the 2002 Act: Most leases, which fall outside the scope of compulsory first registration, can be enforced either if protected by a notice on the register or if they fall within the overriding category. ... Leases requiring protection by a notice on the register. Short leases, which override the register. Most leases, which fall outside the scope of compulsory first registration, can be enforced either if protected by a notice on the register or if they fall within the overriding category. The ultimate aim is for as many interests as possible to be entered on the registered. But Leases of three years or shorter cannot be protected by notice and so are 'only' overriding. Short leases (not exceeding seven years) can override the register. Where the tenant is in actual occupation, this protects his Leases on first registration (Sched. 1 para. 2), or on a transfer either under the 'old' law (LRA 1925 s.70 (1)(g)) or the LRA 2002 (Sched. 3 para. 2). In Street v Mountford4, Lord Templeman suggested that there are three characteristics of a lease, these are exclusive possession, a determinate period, for a rent or other consideration. Exclusive possession means that the tenant has control over any one who enters the premises and can exclude everyone, including the landlord. There will be no exclusive possession if: the landlord is entitled to move the occupier at any time from one room to another according to Westminister city Council v Clarke5, there was held to be no exclusive possession. Someone merely has exclusive occupation, such as a hotel guest or a student in a university hall of residence or a resident in a nursing home (Abbeyfield) (Harpenden) Society Ltd v Woods6; In Marcou v De Silvesa7 the agreement required the landlord to provide services. There may be exclusive possession even if: In Aslan v Murphy 8 the landlord retains a set of keys. In Antoniades v

All Fungi Are Not the Same Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

All Fungi Are Not the Same - Essay Example Basidiomycota phylum develops through sexual means. Basidiospores are formed on club-shaped structures known as basidia. A terminal hyphal cell produces spores called basidium. In this phylum, asexual reproduction occurs, but occasionally. Some of its typical examples include the mushrooms rusts and toadstools. The Zygomycota phylum develops by both sexual and asexual means. They have thallus, which is composed of hyphae, which elongates through the growth of a tip. Multinucleate hyphae do not have septa except for the reproductive structures. When hyphae fuse, this directly leads to the formation of a zygote. In the process of zygote formation, meiosis occurs shortly before it germinates. The typical examples of the phylum include the Rhizopus commonly referred to as the black bread mold. As Vandenkoornhuyse, et al. (2002) observes, generally, fungi are eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants nor animals. As heterotrophic organisms that are devoid of chlorophyll, they obtain their nutrients through absorption. Glycogen is the primary carbohydrate stored in fungi. Fungi excrete enzymes into their food source and live within an external digestion. Ascomycota live in specific locations often forming symbiotic relationships with plant roots, stems, leaves and algae to obtain nutrients. Basidiomycota are mutualistic symbionts and obtain nutrients from living hosts, roots, vascular plants and insects. They obtain sugars and nutrients produced through photosynthesis. Zygomycota makes use of light regulation for its development and growth. Light directs the growth of structures and activates the metabolic pathways. Zygomycetes grow in a wide range of environments and temperatures, with some growing in aerobic conditions. However, most are terrestrial meaning that they g row in liquid culture, at salty concentrations and high water activities to obtain nutrients. They can also be found in decaying animal and

Animal Cruelty Essay Example for Free

Animal Cruelty Essay Today I am going to talk to you about innocent animals who have been uncared for, neglected and most of all subjected to cruelty. If you didn’t know already, the RSPCA stands for The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. This is the world’s oldest animal welfare organization; originally set up just to look after farm animals, later expanding to include all animals. A group leader founded this organisation in 1824 by the name of Richard Martin who was an MP. But in reality his name doesn’t compare to what I’m going to tell you. First of all let’s start off with the reality. Despite British people being known as animal lovers these figures will shock you. The RSPCA receive approximately one phone call every 25 seconds each year – most sharing animal cruelty stories and asking for help. Every year roughly 140,000 animal cruelty complaints are investigated and out of that number 3000 were found guilty. More statistics include, 143,000 animals are rescued and collected, 214,000 are treated and helped and 70,000 animals were found new homes. After all the RSPCA have files upon files of stories so sad that I would be surprised if anyone could remain unaffected by them. The exact details of the 200 starving dogs remain unclear but the main facts wre uncovered by the RSPCA and police. Inspectors from the RSPCA found 204 starving dogs crammed in a filthy shed after an elderly woman had died. The Yorkshire terriers were in complete darkness, dripping in urine and piled in plastic travel boxes so full excrement the dogs had to crouch 3 inches from the top of the box. Six pups had died and one had been half eaten by littermates. What am I supposed to add to this? Well, some lost eyes because of infections, others couldn’t stand up properly because they were used to such terrible conditions. The pet charity that found them said that â€Å"the stench was unbearable, dead pups had melted into the floor, some had tumours like footballs, most hadn’t seen daylight†. The windowless 60ft shed was in the back garden of an elderly woman who shockingly lived in Hurstpierpoint, West Sussex. Rescuers said it showed years of neglect and suffering of these poor innocent puppies. As soon as they were discovered the RSPCA spent weeks trying to re-home the dogs. This shows that the RSPCA are a well worth charity Rescuers said it showed years of neglect. But one of Mrs Stevens’s three sons, Chris, said: â€Å"She loved the animals. † Charities are trying to rehome the dogs. How on earth can this womans son say she loved animals? It makes me sick to my stomach that people can treat any animal in this way. There should be stronger punishments for people that neglect or cause harm to any animal there are no excuses! I only hope that all of the dogs find warm loving homes. Neglect and abandonment are the most common forms of companion animal abuse in the United States. Just imagine that 1 in 3 animals are uncared for, if you look around here in this room that could be you. Just recently you may have seen in the news a women was caught picking up a cat and dumping it into a council bin. Why would anyone want to do that!

The Potential Pros And Cons Of Recycling Environmental Sciences Essay

The Potential Pros And Cons Of Recycling Environmental Sciences Essay What is the reason behind recycle? Using less money is behind think the desire to save money, energy and earths resources is the main reason behind recycling. As is well known that the less energy is used the less pollution is released by factories. What is the importance of Recycling? We can summarize the importance of Recycling by the following points: saving energy saving land space saving money creating new jobs reducing air and water pollution preserving habitat for wildlife. For the above mentioned reasons you should make recycling as a habit in your daily life. Saving energy: Producing new materials takes more energy than using recycled materials. We can use the paper as an example, creating paper from new woodland cost more energy than recycle paper from waste materials, since there will be no need to cut down a new tree to process the wood from the tree and make it into paper. The most attractive thing is that energy from non-renewable resources is protected and saved for future generations therefore, money will be saved which means more competitively priced goods, and on the other hand pollution and missions are reduced when less energy is used. When we transfer the above information in to numbers we find that production of recycled paper uses 80% less water and 65% less energy, and produces 95% less air pollution than virgin paper production. 2 -à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…’ Air Pollution and Water Pollution Noxious gases and chemicals are released by decomposing waste at landfill sites. And it is very well known that gas and chemicals create air pollution Air pollution . And when chemicals leach into the groundwater this creates water pollution and our water is contaminated . It is noticed that in 2000, recycling of solid waste prevented the release of 32.9 million metric tons of carbon equivalent (MMTCE, the unit of measure for greenhouse gases) into the air.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…’ (Recycling-Guide) We are able to breathe cleaner air and drink cleaner water if we could prevent pollution by using recycling centers instead of landfills. Additional Benefits Preserving wildlife is a result of recycling, because fewer trees are cut down to make virgin material or to make space landfills, habitat for wildlife remains. More habitats for animals mean less animal extinction. It obvious that recycling is important and it can makes a difference. We may not be able to solve our landfill and pollution problems anytime soon, but at least we can help keep them from getting worse. Recycling is simple it might start by taking paper or plastic or both to a recycling bin near your home and no need to drive or to waste your time or your gas. You can make it a habit that in your shopping you can fill up your car with your box of recyclable paper and dump it at the recycling bin near the store especially that many grocery stores now have these bins available or even start in your neighborhoods curbside recycling program. Recycling helps conserve energy and reduce the consumption of natural resources. And it is the best way to save the environment and avoid environmental harm. You can make useful items from used plastic bottles, glass, and newspapers. Recycling has positive effects such as : 1- Recycling Preserves the Environment Protecting the environment is processed by recycling . For example we as the demand for paper increases, a number of trees are being cut to produce paper since the demand for paper increases. We can prevent the destruction of forests by recycling paper. We can notice how number of forests is being destroyed to meet the ever increasing demand of paper. Recycling a ton of mixed paper or newspaper is equivalent to saving 12 trees by this way we can save our natural resources. 3 2- Recycling Saves Energy Recycling used materials reduces energy requirements in many manufacturing processes such as refining and mining. Recycling materials like aluminum and glass can greatly reduce the pressure on energy resources. 3- Recycling Reduces Pollution Hazardous substances in the form of plastics, empty cans, chemicals and ordinary waste contaminate our environment and cause pollution. Plastic recycling is an effective solution for the pollution of soil and water which is caused by the Plastic waste. Using materials from the plastic waste by recycling process can be used in manufacturing industry. Environment can also be polluted by greenhouse gas emissions which were found that this recycling 35,116 tons of material could be equivalent of taking 22,140 cars off road and this could help to mitigate global warming effects. Recycling material requires less amount of energy therefore by Manufacturing plastics and paper from recycled material save our environment than making them from new or virgin materials which also need transport this virgin materials and Transportation means using vehicles that run on fuels like diesel and gasoline. It is very well known that fuels are considered the main source of green gas emissions. In this case recycling means less fuel being utilized and lower amount of carbon dioxide will be released into the environment. 4- Negative Effects of Recycling There can be a few harmful effects of recycling, if the sites where recycling is done, are not managed properly. Which means that those sites can become unhygienic as a result of collecting lot of debris every day for recycling? The surrounding environment can be severely damaged by the abandoned dump sited, a poisonous mixture knows as leachate will be formed and it is highly dangerous if it reached the water supplies. The water and soil can be mixed by the harmful chemicals in the trash then mixed with rainwater which falls on open dumps which will percolate deep into the ground and pollutes the ground water. Paper recycling can be a bit costly, as additional industrial processes such as bleaching, are required to make the paper reusable. There is no guarantee that the new recycled product obtained will be of good quality. This is because recycling involves manufacturing products from used materials. Protecting the environment is processed by recycling. For example we as the demand for paper increases, a number of trees are being cut to produce paper. 4 Due to the use of harsh chemicals in the process of bleaching and this can cause health problems on exposure. It is quite difficult to recycle all the material such as find plastic convenient for everyday use because there different kinds of plastic and one has to sort them systematically so as make a useful recycled product. One cannot simply manufacture a new product by combining different kinds of plastic. Still it is observed that different kinds of plastic and one has to sort them systematically so as make a useful recycled product. One cannot simply manufacture a new product by combining different kinds of plastic. It is obvious that taking everyday trash to the nearest recycling center can make a positive impact on the environment therefore everyone must take the initiative to recycle waste material in order to preserve and protect our planet, The Cairo Slum is an example of Recycle success A local school funded by Procter Gamble teaches the urban poor how to recycle plastics. Thomas Taha Rassam Culhane is the founder of Solar Cities, it is an organization that install solar hot-water heaters on the rooftops of Coptic Christian and Muslim communities in Cairos slums. Zamalek is in Cairo , a lush island neighborhood in the Nile, is the heart of the citys upscale area and it is thrives with tourists and commerce. Residents have learned to make a living off the trash from Zamalek and other parts of the Egyptian City. The Zabaleen , an Arabic word means in English garbage collectors, who used to gather and recycle Cairos garbage by their own hands for decades. Tens of thousands of these people took home to a place called Manshiyet Nasser ,which is a narrow dirt streets and precariously built houses, as a place for them to live in. A closer look at primarily Coptic Christian community reveals that Al Zabaleen means of survival may seem lowly but it reveals that something greater is going on here. The Zabaleen, like people living in poor countries around the world, are on the front lines of climate change. The United Nations last year Cited Egypt as an example, and reported that greenhouse gas emissions will have disproportionately negative effects on the planets most impoverished nations. Thomas Taha Rassam Culhane, the founder of Solar Cities and studying for his doctorate in urban planning at UCLA, has a nongovernmental organization that is installing environment-friendly solar hot-water heaters on the rooftops of Coptic Christian and Muslim communities in Cairos slums, says that people in Manshiyet Nasser, environmental degradation is already a reality and they are already living in the worst of it and they dont want to see it getting any worse. 5 Culhane, says although poor people like the Zabaleen dont leave a large carbon footprint because their individual energy use is low but they create a problem for the economy and this should attract an International Attention because the power they do use is subsidized by the government. The Zabaleen are using small vehicles and donkey carts, they haul massive bundles of trash from Cairo and about 80 percent of the garbage they bring into the community is recycled by hand. Picture of children as young as three sitting with their mothers and grandmothers and sorting through broken glass, scraps of metal, aluminum cans, dirty diapers and rotted food is a very normal scene in Cairo. One of the women sorting through piles of refuse saying that she is working all the time and that her hands getting dirty theres no water. She is stating that the food is expensive and gas prices are seven pounds a bottle so they can not afford buying for heat and this why she work such like this. Culhane says that few years ago the Egyptian government decided to privatize the countrys waste-management system, threatening the Zabaleen way of life. But because of Cairos narrow streets foreign companies ,hired to do the job, found that their garbage trucks couldnt do the job stating the donkeys can do such job and therefore the slums residents still collecting much of the citys trash. Several years ago, UNESCO and Procter Gamble began investing in an informal recycling school, officially called the Mokattam Non-Formal Education Project. after the Zabaleens efforts have attracted attention from the international community. The Culhane says counterfeiters used to sift through garbage, take Procter Gamble shampoo bottles, fill them with cheaper products and resell them. In order to get the bottles off the streets, , the Cincinnati-based company agreed to fund the school and help the community learn how to recycle plastic. Now days, the school serves as a center where young people can learn about the business and economics of recycling and it is colorfully painted with PG shampoo bottles. Students are trained to use Excel spreadsheets, and they learn how to shred plastic in machines, wash and dry it using solar energy, bag it and send it out to be melted down for reuse.

Gabriels Epiphany in The Dead by James Joyce Essay -- Joyce Dead Es

Gabriel's Epiphany in The Dead by James Joyce   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people in society feel alienated from the world and separated from their fellow man while others may try to find meaning where none exists.   In James Joyce's "The Dead," Gabriel Conroy faces these problems and questions his own identity due to a series of internal attacks and external factors that lead him to an epiphany about his relation to the world; this epiphany grants him a new beginning.   The progression in Gabriel from one who feels disconnected to one who has hope parallels Joyce's changing view of Ireland from finding it to be a place of inaction to one where again hope and beauty thrive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In "The Dead" Gabriel Conroy and his wife attend a party thrown annually by two of Gabriel ¹s aunts.   The set of external circumstances at this party focuses attention on the futility and meaninglessness of Gabriel ¹s life.   The conversation at the party is mostly about people who have died and how they seemed to have been forgotten by the party guests (Magalaner 223).   This subject affects Gabriel, making him consider how his accomplishments will survive his own demise.   The definitive lack of anything meaningful in the discussion at the party also disturbs Gabriel.   Joyce demonstrates the "failure of politics, religion, and art to provide any meaningful outlet for the impulses that glimmer through the party" (Werner, 58).   Even the man playing the piano is producing "pretentious sound without substance" (Walzl 236).   Gabriel ¹s surrounding environment forces him to continually attempt to make sense of his own actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During his aunts ¹ party, Gabriel also sees his own incapacity for action.   This party happens every year, but instead of viewing it as "traditio... ..., 1988.   23-38. Joyce, James.   "The Dead."   The Norton Anthology of English Literature.   Ed. M. H. Abrams.   New York:   Norton, 1996.   2345-2373.    Magalaner, Marvin, and Richard M. Kain.   Joyce:   The Man, the Word, the Reputation.   1956. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   216-224.    Tate, Allen.   "Three Commentaries:   Poe, James, and Joyce."   The Sawnee Review Vol LVIII (1950):   1-15. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   203-204.    Walzl, Florence L.   "Gabriel and Michael:   The conclusion of ?The Dead. ¹"   James Joyce Quarterly Vol 4 (1966):   17-31. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   233-239. Werner, Craig Hansen.   Dubliners:   A Pluralistic World.   Boston:   Twayne Publishers, 1988.   56-72. Gabriel's Epiphany in The Dead by James Joyce Essay -- Joyce Dead Es Gabriel's Epiphany in The Dead by James Joyce   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people in society feel alienated from the world and separated from their fellow man while others may try to find meaning where none exists.   In James Joyce's "The Dead," Gabriel Conroy faces these problems and questions his own identity due to a series of internal attacks and external factors that lead him to an epiphany about his relation to the world; this epiphany grants him a new beginning.   The progression in Gabriel from one who feels disconnected to one who has hope parallels Joyce's changing view of Ireland from finding it to be a place of inaction to one where again hope and beauty thrive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In "The Dead" Gabriel Conroy and his wife attend a party thrown annually by two of Gabriel ¹s aunts.   The set of external circumstances at this party focuses attention on the futility and meaninglessness of Gabriel ¹s life.   The conversation at the party is mostly about people who have died and how they seemed to have been forgotten by the party guests (Magalaner 223).   This subject affects Gabriel, making him consider how his accomplishments will survive his own demise.   The definitive lack of anything meaningful in the discussion at the party also disturbs Gabriel.   Joyce demonstrates the "failure of politics, religion, and art to provide any meaningful outlet for the impulses that glimmer through the party" (Werner, 58).   Even the man playing the piano is producing "pretentious sound without substance" (Walzl 236).   Gabriel ¹s surrounding environment forces him to continually attempt to make sense of his own actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During his aunts ¹ party, Gabriel also sees his own incapacity for action.   This party happens every year, but instead of viewing it as "traditio... ..., 1988.   23-38. Joyce, James.   "The Dead."   The Norton Anthology of English Literature.   Ed. M. H. Abrams.   New York:   Norton, 1996.   2345-2373.    Magalaner, Marvin, and Richard M. Kain.   Joyce:   The Man, the Word, the Reputation.   1956. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   216-224.    Tate, Allen.   "Three Commentaries:   Poe, James, and Joyce."   The Sawnee Review Vol LVIII (1950):   1-15. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   203-204.    Walzl, Florence L.   "Gabriel and Michael:   The conclusion of ?The Dead. ¹"   James Joyce Quarterly Vol 4 (1966):   17-31. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   233-239. Werner, Craig Hansen.   Dubliners:   A Pluralistic World.   Boston:   Twayne Publishers, 1988.   56-72.

Solutions to School Violence :: School Violence Essays

Violence in schools has spread widely throughout the nation. This has caused many problems among students, families, faculty of schools, and residents of the areas. However, there are many possible ways we can stop all this violence in schools. Almost three-fourths of the United States teens are afraid of violent crime amongst their peers (Apfel 23). Violence in schools has become a big problem in todays society. With all the people being injured or killed in schools by guns and other weapons, more and more people are getting more weapons to bring in to schools. Nearly half of all males and one-third of all students including females said they could easily obtain a handgun if they wanted to (Glazer 14). The cause of violence can be blamed on many things but 1 mainly. And that one thing is drugs and gangs. Now that more people are selling and buying drugs, people are making money to buy weapons. Gangs, since they came around violence have been increasing steadily. The spread of gangs and drugs has also been implicated in the increasing violence of school youths (Glazer 14). Experts have also said that most violent conflicts among school-age children can be traced back to long- simmering disputes (Apfel 21). Carrying guns and other weapons around schools is becoming more and more popular all around the world. People think that carrying guns around schools with them will make them cool or fit in with other people like themselves. They're wrong. More and more people who are carrying guns around schools today are getting caught and having them taken away. Since schools have gotten metal detectors and scanners, they have cut down the rate of having handguns in schools by nearly 58%(Glazer 5). Security experts have reported that there is no evidence that a metal detector will solve the problem of violence in schools, even though it offers a highly visible symbol to the community (Apfel 22). Even if the schools with all the gun violence in their schools do put in metal detectors at the front entrances of schools, their are many ways kids can sneak in weapons t o school. In 1990 congress made it a felony to bring a gun within one thousand feet of any school under the "Gun-Free School Zones" provision of the 1990 crime prevention package. This law wont help very much because of the fact that students can sneak in weapons through bathroom windows, or an unguarded entrance during recess (Glazer 6).

Nfl Revenue Sharing

NFL Revenue Sharing To many the NFL may be considered America’s greatest sports league. The league definitely has the numbers to back up this claim. The ever-growing sport has maintained keen interest from fans all across the world, all the while generating enormous amounts of revenue. Currently the league rakes in close to $9 billion annually. The success of the NFL is something to marvel at. Even in a shaky economy the NFL continues to flourish. What is interesting about the NFL is how the business aspect is structured. TV is the NFL’s biggest source of revenue. 0% of the NFL’s earnings come from TV revenue according to Forbes. The NFL operates in a unique manner regarding its TV generated revenue. The television rights to broadcast NFL games are the most lucrative and expensive rights of any American sport. NFL broadcasts have become among the most-watched programs on American television, and the financial futures of entire networks have depended on owning NFL broadcasting rights. This has raised questions about the dependency of the networks to the sport and whether they can criticize the NFL without the possibility of losing their broadcasting rights and their income.While TV advertising has generally grown slowly in recent years, advertising on NFL games has soared. The Wall Street Journal notes that ad rates for NFL games rose 27% to $347,800 for a 30-second spot last season. So far this fall, NFL games have averaged 17. 8 million viewers at any given minute, more than almost all regularly scheduled programs, according to Nielsen data. Importantly, many of those viewers are young men, who are hard for advertisers to reach through other programs.And the fact that most consumers watch NFL games live is important at a time when many viewers record shows and then skip the commercials when they watch them later. Under the current contract, which began in 2006 and expires in 2013, the top television networks are paying a combined sum of $2 0. 4 billion dollars. CBS ($3. 73B), NBC ($3. 6B) and Fox ($4. 27B) and cable television's ESPN ($8. 8B) are all contributing to a pot that the NFL divides equally among all 32 NFL teams. The revenue generated by television is divided annually. For example, in the year 2010 the NFL received $3. 85 billion from their contracts with CBS, ESPN, FOX, NBC, and DirecTV’s Sunday Ticket. Dividing this amount equally among all 32 NFL teams averages out to $118 million per team. The new contract with the prominent television networks that extends from 2014 to 2022 is going be worth 63% more than the previous contract, according to the Wall Street Journal. Within the article it states that the annual figure for the NFL will increase from previous figure of $3. 785 billion to approximately 6 billion a year because of new TV packages.The Wall Street Journal estimates that the four major networks, CBS, ESPN, FOX, and NBC, are designating nearly a quarter of their total programming budget t o purchasing NFL rights. The fact that there are teams that generate much more interest than others brings about a dilemma that suggests revenue sharing isn’t completely fair. For example, the Dallas Cowboys have a far greater fan base than the Jacksonville Jaguars. Is it fair for the Jacksonville Jaguars to be given the same share of profits from the TV revenue as the Dallas Cowboys? I recently attended an NFL game in the home stadium of the Arizona Cardinals.The away team was the Dallas Cowboys, but from what I witnessed there was an equal to greater amount of Cowboy fans than Cardinal fans within the stadium. If a team such as the Dallas Cowboys maintains a dominant presence within the NFL brand, you could imagine that they would be reluctant to split profits with a team that has a hard time even selling home game tickets. Bill Wanger, the executive vice president of programming and research at Fox Sports Media Group, says the Cowboys are among a handful of â€Å"national -appeal teams† that draw huge TV ratings no matter what market they're broadcast in.Neilson Co. completed a recent popularity survey based on local and national television ratings, the amount of traffic the teams’ official websites draw, and how many times the teams are mentioned on the internet. According to the survey the Dallas Cowboys, Pittsburgh Steelers, New York Giants, Chicago Bears, and Green Bay Packers were the top 5 most popular teams, respectively. When any one of these teams play they will attract far more viewers than teams nearing the bottom of the popularity poll.These teams contribute far more interest to the NFL brand, but take home the same check as the other low-profile franchises. Depending on the franchise that you own, you could be benefitting from the popularity of the other teams, or uneasy with the way the money is being distributed throughout the league. As a league, I believe the NFL is doing the right thing. The revenue distribution helps t he less popular teams maintain financial success and longevity. The league has a responsibility toward owners to operate in a manner that assists all eams in prolonging their brand and providing an equal field of play for competition. In contrast to other sporting leagues such as the MLB, the NFL has salary caps and other restrictions that prolong smaller market franchises and allow them to be financially competitive. For example the Pittsburgh Steelers have won the most Super Bowls despite being from a relatively small market, but the Pittsburgh Pirates struggle to compete against the fiscally empowered New York Yankees. The unique approach by the NFL creates a more competitive environment and fosters a sense of hope for fans every season.