Kino, a poor Indian fisherman :: essays research papers

Kino, a poor Indian fisherman, lives on the Gulf of California with his wife Juana and son Coyotito. Their simple sea chantey is made of brush, and the couple sleeps on mats thrown on the dirt floor, while Coyotito sleeps in a hanging box. Like others in their poor village, they depend on nature for survival.As The Pearl begins, dawn is breaking. Kino watches the sun rise and listens to the sounds of the morning. But within moments, a dangerous situation develops. A poisonous scorpion stings Coyotito, Kinos sister son, and the babys screams draw people from all over the village. Juana insists that the make be called, but Kino knows the physician is Spanish and considers himself above treating poor Indians. This does not satisfy Juana, who announces that if the doctor will not come to the village, then they will go to his house. But the doctor refuses to treat Coyotito because Kino is too poor. Later that day, while Kino and Juana atomic number 18 fishing in the Gulf, Kino finds an enormous drib and cries out in joy. He believes the astragal will make him rich and enable him to provide earnest for his family. But Kino discovers otherwise. The pearl stirs envy in the villagers, and that night Kino is attacked in his hut by a thief. The following day, he tries to sell the pearl to buyers in town, but he is offered only a small amount of money for it. The buyers all work for the same man. They know the pearl is worth a fortune but hope to buy it cheaply by pretending that it is worth little.Kino says he will sell his pearl in the keen city, where he believes he will get a fair price. This amazes the villagers because Kino has never traveled so far. After dark that evening, Kino is attacked again. Juana is sure the pearl is evil and will destroy the family. During the night, she quietly removes it from the spot where Kino has hidden it and tries to throw it back into the ocean. He stops her before she succeeds and beats her for trying. As he returns to the hut, Kino is attacked again, this time by two men. He kills one of them, and the other escapes.Because of the killing, Kino knows that he will be hunted as a murderer. As a result, he and Juana must leave the village the next

Lee Silverman Voice Treatment Essay -- Health, Parkinson’s Disease

Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) is primary utilized as a voice treatment for individuals with Parkinsons Disease (PD), its main focus is that it attempts to increase vocal loudness and improve vocal function (Countryman S, Hoehn M, OBrien C, Pawlas A, Ramig L, and Sapir S, 2001)(Ramig L, Sapir S, Fox C, and Countryman S, 2001). There has similarly been success in utilizing this treatment protocol for clients with dysarthria associated with stroke, and traumatic brain injury as well as children who have cerebral palsy and Down syndrome (Marchant, J., McAuliffe, M., & Huckabee, M. January 2008)(Spielman, J Ramig L Mahler L Halpern A Gavin W., 2007,)(Wenke, R., Theodoros, D., & Cornwell, P., January 2008)). LSVT was conceived in 1987 and has been extensively studied around the world since then (Countryman et. al., 2001). LSVT is a very unique form of voice therapy in that it focuses on several very simple tasks that are designed to maximize the clients phonation and respira tory functions. (Countrymen et al., 2001). Spielman et al., 2007 indicated that the standard course o...

The Elusiveness of War and the Tenuousness of Morality in Tim O?Brien?s

The Elusiveness of War and the Tenuousness of Morality in Tim OBriens The Things They Carried, How to identify a True War Story, and StyleIn the novel The Things They Carried, Tim OBrien demonstrates how exposure to the atrocities of nations at war leads to the soldiers having skewed perspectives on what is right and wrong, predominantly at times when the purpose of the war itself appears elusive. The ambiguity that consumes the stories of The Things They Carried and How to Tell a True War Story is displayed with irony, for the moral of such war stories is that there is no moral at all. OBrien portrays the character Mitchell Sanders as an beholder who seeks the morals to be found through the war fatalities however, he depicts these morals in a manner that actually stresses the impiety of the situations above all else. The characters in this novel are at the forefront of the Vietnam War, thus blinded by carnage that soon begins to obscure any prior notions held about what is morali stic and what is not.The goal of Ted Lavender in The Things They Carried leads to Lieutenant Jimmy dog moral blunder which is brought about by his guilt over the horror of the incident Lieutenant Cross felt the pain. He blamed himself He pictured Marthas smooth young face and now Ted Lavender was dead because he loved her so much and could not stop thinking about her. When the dustoff arrived, they carried Lavender aboard. Afterward they...

Internet and Online Communities Essay -- Internet Cyberspace Chat Blog

Internet and Online CommunitiesThe cyberspace was designed initially by the de departmentment of defense for their own purposes. But now it has evolved into a complex net give way not limited to some specific ara or region but extending over every part of earth. The Internet now is a form of communication to us. It has become not only a source of information and technology, but it also now ho put ons other different kinds of things. e.g. communities(something we are going to discuss in this paper), educational institutions, online classes etc. In this paper we will look at different aspects of this technology (internet) and analyze some of its shock on our society. In particular we shall see how media interprets the internet and its services. We will compare the term by Howard Rheingold The Heart of the Well to Ourtown.net by Jill Harrington, an article appearing in the Access section of Daily give-and-take rough online communities. Howard Rheingold in The Heart of the Well and Jill Herrington in Ourtown.net both agree that online communities have become an essential part of our lives today. The article called The Heart of the Well by Rheingold talks about the WELL (Whole Earth Lectronic Link) an online community started in California. In the article he talks about the Well being a center of all kinds of people parents, professionals, doctors, nurses and others. In the article the author cites a particularly interesting line from Ray Oldenburgs work The Great Good Place. In it Oldenburg affirms that there are three essential places in our lives the place we live, the place we work and the place we gather for conviviality. Rheingold in his article argues that internet and online communities have become not only a kind of convivial place wher... ...h is revolutionizing our lives and may prove to be even more successful and efficient for us in the future. Internet is basically a tool in our society. Internet supplies us with a vast number of facilities lik e online communities and a whole lot of other things. Most of us use internet for one reason or another. For example, I as a student use internet to find information on various kinds of topics ranging from Hitler to NASA. By the same token internet can be useful to virtually everyone in our society. Thus, internet is increasingly becoming part of our lives and it has certainly becoming one of the places where can hang around for conviviality. Works Cited Rheingold, Howard. The Heart of the WELL. Composing Cyberspace. Ed. Richard Holeton. San Francisco McGraw Hill, 1998, 171-180. Harrington, Jill. Ourtown.net. Access Daily News 25 Feb. 2001 8-10

Winter Dreams :: essays research papers

In F. Scott Fitzgeralds, Winter Dreams Fitzgerald creates a character, dextral Green, a fourteen year grey-headed boy who is confident in his winter dreams of extraordinary success, wealth and social status in his golden future. Over the course of the story dextral paved his way to an ambitious future of economic wealth.At fourteen dexter was described as the best caddie worker in the club, qualification thirty dollars a month, which for the summer was not able to be me made anywhere else on the lake. Dexter was also a smart boy, who knew how to barter, asking Mr. Jones for a raise making it worth his while since he was the best caddie. This shows that Dexter is not the type that will just settle. He is a very laid ambitious character.After college Dexter becomes successful in the business world, opening a chain of laundries. He moves his way up the economic ladder with either of his laundries being flourishing. This shows that he is a hard working ambitious character because he is slowly becoming successful in the business world.When Judy terminated the engagement, Dexter went out east with the intention of selling out his laundriesbut when the war came to America he handed over the business for his partner to run, so he could fight in the war. This shows that Dexter was ambitious because he went off to fight for his country and he left everything he had behind, risking everything that he had. In the end of the story, Dexter learns from a business man that Judy had gotten married to an alcoholic husband. He says, he can not care anymore, nor will he ever. Ultimately, Dexter realizes that his desire for opposition in the business world will overpower his desire for love with Judy, or any woman for that matter.

Winter Dreams :: essays research papers

In F. Scott Fitzgeralds, Winter Dreams Fitzgerald creates a character, Dexter Green, a fourteen year old boy who is confident in his winter dreams of extraordinary success, wealth and social status in his golden future. Over the course of the story Dexter paved his way to an wishful future of economic wealth.At fourteen Dexter was described as the trump out caddie worker in the club, making thirty dollars a month, which for the summer was not able to be me made anywhere else on the lake. Dexter was also a smart boy, who knew how to barter, asking Mr. Jones for a raise making it worth his while since he was the best caddie. This shows that Dexter is not the type that will just settle. He is a very determined ambitious character.After college Dexter becomes successful in the calling world, opening a chain of laundries. He moves his way up the economic ladder with all of his laundries being flourishing. This shows that he is a hard working ambitious character because he is slowly be coming successful in the business world.When Judy terminated the engagement, Dexter went out east with the intention of selling out his laundriessolely when the war came to America he handed over the business for his partner to run, so he could fight in the war. This shows that Dexter was ambitious because he went off to fight for his country and he left everything he had behind, risking everything that he had. In the end of the story, Dexter learns from a business man that Judy had gotten married to an alcoholic husband. He says, he can not care anymore, nor will he ever. Ultimately, Dexter realizes that his thirst for ambition in the business world will overpower his desire for love with Judy, or any woman for that matter.

Quality Physical Education

forcible preparation schools play a critical role in increase strong-arm activity by offering quality, daily physical direction and other opportunities to recreate. Physical commandment is the only program that provides students with opportunities to learn motor skills, arrest fitness, and gain understanding about the importance of physical activity. Physical education teaches baby birdren the skills they need to be nimble through with(predicate) out their lifetime.Physical education potful also enhance academic attainment. Regular aerobic exercise produces an change magnitude number of capillaries servicing the brain, which allows for a greater exchange of nutrients and waste products. Additionally, physical education incorporates concepts of math, reading/English language arts, and science into the physical education realm. Technology has integrated into the curriculum with heart rate monitors, pedometers, and computer-based fitness stations.Another way physical education helps academic learning by children receiving additional physical education show an acceleration of their psychomotor development, and this could provide a mechanism for accelerated learning of academic skills. Other potential mechanisms entangle increased cerebral blood flow, greater arousal, changes in hormone takes, enhanced nutrient intake, changes in body build, and increased self esteem, as mention in the Pediatric Exercise Science (Shepard, 1997, p. 113). In other words, exercise boost oxygen and glucose deli really to the brain, which can help, break brain function.Physical Education plays a critical role in educating the whole student. Like other academic courses of study, physical education is upon rigorous study standards that define what students should know and be able to do because of participation. Physical education improves childrens relationships with children in their classroom. Children learn how to play as a team player. Physical education includes all chil dren, which helps the children think of others not just themselves. In a quality physical education program, students can achieve physical and individual benefits.Teamwork is very important in every(prenominal)day life. Most professions ar team-oriented style of work. Managers value teamwork because it results in a more cost-effective and useful organization. Physical education is for every child regardless of physical ability, ethnicity, gender, language, race, or religion, the opportunities not only to succeed in physical education, but also to develop a lifelong load the health benefits of physical activity. Teachers are able to manage the students time more effectively.Physical education prepares students to live physically active, healthy lives through learning experiences at school. International Society of Sport Psychology state, Exercise can have beneficial emotional effects across all ages and for both(prenominal) sexes (p. 183). The major reason for having physical edu cation in secondary schools is to lead the students toward better lifestyles and to be physically fit. There was an article published in 1992 by, The bailiwick Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE), stating what The Physically Fit Person should consist of.This article states five instruments of a physical fit person. One broker is that a physically fit person has learned skills necessary to perform a variety of physical activities. The second factor is the person physically fit. The three factor is does this person participates regularly in physical activity. The fourth is a physically fit person knows the implications of and the benefits from involvement in physical activity. The last factor is that a physically fit person values physical activity and its contributions to a healthful lifestyle.The plan as physical educators is to have each child be a physically fit person, by their exit of high school. Quality Physical Education means a planned program of af firmation and activity for all students through the entire school year. Quality Physical Education programs are essential in helping students gain competence and trustfulness in a variety of movement forms such as aquatics, dance, gymnastics, recreational and activities. It should provide a sound framework for the design and assessment that develop the students motivation, fitness, cognitive, affective, and active lifestyle needs, and should focus on lifetime involvement.American Heart Association quote, Today, about one of three American kids and teens are overweight or obese, virtually triple the rate in 1963 (American Heart Association Learn and Live Healthier Kids) (2010). National Academics state, (2005), If healthier students are, in fact, more attentive and academically flourishing students, then parents, principals, and policy makers alike may be supportive of obesity prevention efforts (p. 6). National Health Education Standards offer a coherent mint of what it means t o be health literate.These Standards describe the knowledge and skills essential to the development of health literacy. That knowledge includes the most important and enduring ideas, issues, and concepts related to achieving good health. Those skills include the ways of communicating, reasoning, and investigating which characterize a health-literate person. National Standards are not a federal mandate nor do they define a national curriculum. The Standards are intended to serve as a framework for organizing health knowledge and skills into curricula at the state and local levels. Here are the National StandardsDemonstrates competency in many movement forms and proficiency in a few movement forms. Applies movement concepts and principles to the learning and development of motor skills. Exhibits a physically active lifestyle. Achieves and maintains a health-enhancing level of physical fitness. Demonstrates responsible personal and social behavior in physical activity heaptings. Demo nstrates understanding and respect for differences among people in physical body process settings. Understands that physical activity provides opportunities for enjoyment, challenge, self- expression and social interaction.Student involve in physical education will develop Teamwork- the ability and willingness to work within a stem for the good of the group. (leadership, trustworthiness. ) Cooperation- the ability and willingness to follow group or team strategies. (followership) Communication skills- knowing when to speak and when to listen in order to help the group achieve its goals. An awareness and appreciation of personal and group safety. Honesty- playing within the rules for the good of the group and game. Courage- the willingness to try new things to expand ones horizons. Goal setting ability- the willingness to set appropriately challenging goals for oneself and the group. Perseverance- the ability and willingness to continue pressing towards the goal in the face o f normal adversity. Creativity- the ability to come up with solutions to problems and physical challenges. An increased level of agility, coordination, and physical fitness. Physical education is the only program that provides students with opportunities to learn motor skills, develop fitness, and gain understanding about the importance of physical activity.It is the aspect of education that contributes to the total growth and development of the child mostly through selected movement and physical activities. It also enhances academic learning, helps meet the overall elementary school mission, treats students with gravitas and respect, and applies instructional and Physical education helps develop the whole child, including the childs cognitive development, physical Development, social development and helps develop psychomotor skills. The ultimate goal of physical education will always be participation in health-enhancing physical activity for a lifetime.Referenceshttp//wilderdom. com/games/PhysicalActivities.htmlhttps//www.nap.edu/read/11461/chapter/21http//www.educationworld.com/standards/national/nph/pe/k_12.shtml

What is reality?

There is a number of views on reality, which can be generally divided into two categories idealism and realism the thrower the co-presence of consciousness and mark a source of interdependence between human race and consciousness, whereas the latter questions the very interdependence. In fact both the findings of psychological research and the very existence of existence (the justified tautology) demonstrate that reality is essentially independent upon human consciousness unless the unity of apperception in phenomenological meaning is developed.The basic ontological premise of idealism is the pastime human-being thinks, therefore they exist, as a result, they construct reality within their consciousness. Therefore, logos is the foundation of reality and thus fabricates the internal human existence on the understructure of specific information, received by consciousness-driven senses in this sense, consciousness and the presence of the fair game are simultaneous, therefore, if the person is not aware of the fact that there is a orchestra pit behind their back, the stone actually does not exist.Realists, in turn, primer their argument on the premise that individuals are not merely conscious (as a fact0, moreover also conscious of something ( as a process), so the reality by all odds existed before the interaction between human cognitive apparatus and the concrete object takes places. Hence the realist account of the above mentioned relationship can be formulated as Human-being exists and therefore has objective physical substrates for opinion, so consciousness is shaped by reality.As one knows the 20th century neuropsychological research suggests that intelligence is a faculty that relates to certain brain structures, so the process of thinking refers to the construction of new links between neurons on the basis of the information deriving from sensory input. The fallacy of idealism with inherent subjectivism can be illustrated development the situati on of John Kennedys murder. A crowd of people observing the ceremonial arrival of the Kennedies suddenly see the President falling and dying of the wounds, definitely caused by firearm.Given that people actually do not see the murderer, they should believe firearm injuries appear by themselves, as they are not fitting to notice either the bullet or the assassin. Nevertheless, nobody of them ever faced such cases, so there are certain cat valium traits in separately persons experiences, which are subsequently objectified. In addition, individuals have similar structure of senses and algorithm of sense perception, as they see the same picture and basically interpret it in the same way as the public assassination.If the consciousness was the foundation of existence, there should be striking differences between the internal realities, crafted by each individual observer. In this sense, it would be also useful to remember Kants transcendental idealism whose intrinsic goal is the expla nation of the transition from consciousness to the highest form of thinking about ones existence. In fact, the scholar positions transcendence as Quaestio Juris (Heidegger, 1997), or the basic human entitlement that results from the inherent responsiveness to the perception of objects.In this sense, the author actually objectifies the subjective, positions human characteristic into the objective context of social norms and rights. Therefore, the pure subjectivism, suggested by idealism, can not exist without the so-called common ground, or acceptance of objective rules, when speaking in phenomenological terms. In this sense, Heidegger wisely notes that unity of apperception, or existence of superstructural and universal patterns of perception and its further processing in each individual.In fact, the unity of apperception is directed towards meeting human needs for influencing the objective reality and making it dependent upon their consciousness. For this purpose, individuals refer to the pre-existing models and frameworks in tramp to establish a logical connection between the past and the present and planning their intervention into the reality in the future. Unless these patterns are created and adopted by common consent, there is a single-sided influence of reality upon human consciousness rather than mutual dependence.

Have People Become Overly Dependent on Technology? Essay

Beca intention we, as a rescript, are embracing applied science without fully construeing the long-term ramifications of this decision. Were constantly seeking out short-term gains and improvements without really taking into consideration the whole picture for future generations. Computers are great, dont get me wrong. They are wonderful tools that help many simplify their life, get more information, and in the end, hopefully make better, more communicate decisions. These better informed decisions hopefully lead to better lives (for slew) or better revenues and increased profits (for companies). exclusively computing devices are non always the right choice, even when they appear to turn in a solution to an existing problem. As a tool, a computer is a workful fear. It has helped architects and engineers design and provide more reliable, interesting structures and get upings. It allows us to abrupt atoms, and categorize human genomes. It can take guess elaborate out of business intelligence and product demand curves. It even allows us to exchange money in the form of bits and bytes instead of actual radical money changing hands. But as a foundation for an important enconomic pillar in our expanse, I laughable were pushing the envelope of sane thinking.There is no much(prenominal) thing as an unhackable computer system. There is no such thing as a 24/7/365 computer system (despite what some companies claim). And until there is, putting all of your eggs into a computerized future seems a bit short-sighted to me. create mentally a force outage. You k at one time, the kind we had just a few years ago on our hypotheticly modern power grid. The kind that isnt supposed to happen. The kind that brought an entire coast of our country grinding to a halt. Thats fine, you check out, those things are freak occurrences, and happen once in a objet dart.Like the California blackouts of a few years ago. But as our thirst for power increases, and our infras tructure fails to keep p sense datum with it (and it really is nowhere near to keeping pace with it it is provisionary the U. S. has enough reserve electricity supplies without tapping into our neighbors from the north during peak usage periods). Now, instead of just going a few days without power, imagine an entire society devoid of electricity. Could it happen? For a few days, sure. But for a few weeks or even longer Who knows? The question in my mind isnt if such a thing is possible, but simply when.Now, fifty years ago, architects and engineers could keep on working, since they used their drafting boards and graph paper to create the structures that hold us up. The NYSE could go on running using good old-fashioned paper and pencil, just like they did then. Citizens could use cash instead of charge or debit cards to pay for goods and services. The point is, fifty years ago, I think society could easily survive and all overcome a lapse in electricity even for a long period of time. It was inconvenient, but the basics of daily life (and the basics of our economy didnt depend on electricity being reliable and abundant. All of that has changed. I suspect some new architects wouldnt know how to design a 50-story building on paper (without aid of a CAD program), or a doctor who had to diagnose a patient without the reliance on ordering 10 or 15 testing ground tests. Or a politician who couldnt rely on instant polling techniques. Or citizens who had to resort to reading their news, instead of ceremony in on TV. Or an important stock exchange non being able to function because generators were never meant to be used full-time, indefinitely.As a tool, I think computers are the cats meow. But as this something more theyve become, this integrated component that so many muckle defy become dependent upon, I am sometimes a little worried or concerned. We believe we live in a largely stable orbit, with virtually endless supplies of natural resources. And notwit hstanding that belief isnt grounded in reality we live in a limited-resource world where, one day (perhaps in some of ours future), some of those resources may very well run out or dwindle significantly.So its a simple equation limited future natural resources room limited supplies of electricity, the stuff that powers our modern world. PS Yes, I know, I know, lets pin our hopes on solar or nuclear, because theyve shown so much squall to date Naturally, a lot can change during my lifetime, but weve all been waiting for a breakthrough in energy production for decades and none has come. nuclear was the last big one with commercial realization, and that was breached more than 50 years ago Mankind has had tools since the beginning of recorded history and that is all engineering.We are a creature that can solve problems by creating physical solutions and that is in part what makes us different than most animals, though not all. What is disconcerting is that we give up so many depe ndencies on engineering science and large systems that we can not repair or re-create easily. Yes, we are becoming too dependent on technology. Most of us cant spell correctly. Why? Spell checking software. We have become lazy. Why? Transport facilities. Technology is not bad in itself, but we, the people of 21st century, are misusing it.We have became sedentary and as a result diseases which were inexplicable 200 years ago have now became commonplace. No, we are not as a species too dependent upon technology as it stands today. As we have created the tools which led to technology, we have also holded wherefore it is they allow for and are necessary our memories fail us, so we take up a record to correct us or to learn from or rewrite what is upon a computer is not written in stone, it may be changed. This is a fluid way of thinking that was unknown to previous generations a ever changing evolution of thought.It is above all a neutral tool to communicate with those of our own country in with others, we select this in a world with a population in ever increasing billions. People will always be needed and wanted for face to face interaction, but where that is not possible technology preserves those ties and allows us to reach out for further aide. Spelling and language are ever changing fields it is not unknown for the people of one country to speak many languages and still be citizens born of that society yet not have a common vernacular among them. Accents, even the words and slang can and will change within less then a generation.Technology is allowing us to keep up with those changes, understand them, and also creating new ones also we know of disasters soon after they happen, if not as they happen saving lives of people just like us who while they might not have our culture or language, are none the less human. While there are new diseases, entreat yourself if they are sincerely new or something that past generations struggled to survive against and communicate to rid ourselves and others of and failed, because they did not have the technology we are developing now to understand how a disease works and how to rid ourselves. Definitely another reason for it is that people are using it to say bad things so that they dont have to say it to the persons face, like cyber-bullying for example. Yes mostly, but still there are those who have very minor traces of technology dependency.Despite we can observe of the people in urban areas where technology is the life blood of very living entity, some corner of the country the rural/remote areas, on the other hand, have no or very slight technology ran lives. They still live in a primitively where there are no computers, cellphones, etc. and where they work with bare hands and bare feet. Technology is now rising, making our lives lot more easy, but what about the behind the world? Yes The one day our inculcate power went out we could barely do any work because our Smartboard went out with the power. I mean even right now we are on the computer looking for answers instead of figuring out ourselves. So what happens when we run out of coal and oil and all this stuff no more technology We will have to do without it. Some people will do perfectly well without it. Others will search until death to find another resource.Sadly the people who search until death will have just wasted their whole life on something impossible. Possibly if someone does it wont last long. Its only one resource. If someone plans that I hearby advise against it Now get off the computer and do something without technology First thing is it electrical technology youre on about, or technology in general? We use general technology 24/7. We use products of that technology 24/7. We also use electrical tech 24/7. We have become dependant on it, yes. It has made us dumb, lazy, it has changed us a lot.But from a simple power cut, like with the thing above, that kind of thing should not happen. That is over-dependance even by modern standards, probably. We have integrated all kinds of technology into every second of lives. But its not bad. Its just the way some use it thats bad. Dont know how to spell because of spell-checking? Too bad, mate, thats your fault. Should learn to spell without it. I can spell without it. I can spell really well without it. Why cant you? (Not to say YOU cant spell but who knows? ) The main problem from it, though, is probably laziness.Why walk when you can hop in the car? Why play football, or rugby, or badminton outside when you can play Red Dead Redemption, or watch the Undead Nightmare story on Youtube? But I play outside. And get fortune of time to play PS3 and watch stuff on Youtube. And type stuff up on Wikianswers while I should be doing my maths (eek ). Why sort out up that whole Geography paper from scratch when you can copy-paste from the net? I can. I get information from the net, but I do the paper myself. Why cant you? Its not the techn ology thats bad, its the way its used.God knows how many times Ive express that now. People nowadays are fat and lazy. Boys do not know to swing an axe or harness a team of horses. Girls cannot carry both buckets of water or wash clothes without a washer. Women do not know how to spin thread or weave cloth and they can not sew a fine seam without a sewing machine. People have forgotten how to cut wheat with a sickle and corn-picking has become a lost skill. Books were a lot prettier before they started printing them. Doctors cant tell what is wrong with you without X-rays, CT scans or lab work.If men with shovels were used to build roads instead of heavy equipment, there would be no shortage of jobs. I would say, yes. I mean, people are always texting, on the computer, or watching TV to have real and personal conversations with people. Some people cant even survive without their cell phones or their iPods/laptops, which is kind of sad if you ask me. However, technology has helped us understand life better, connect with people you havent talked to in years, find cures and vaccines for deadly diseases, and ultimately change the world.Its how you use technology dont overuse it and use it correctly. I think it is important that we have technology in our lives today or else there would be many more lives lost, and much information lost to us. As for the answer before mine not all of us are in the country with horses and hay Not all people are this dependent. Most people are fooled by thinking they need the newest and the best. Do you really think that you need a phone that can turn your lights of 100 miles away? Of course you dont Do you need one that lets you watch videos of people dropping? NOI would say 70% of the human race IS too dependent, but the 30% of us that isnt is probably the smartest. I came across this Seymour Papert quote over the weekend, the best part of which is below. In context, Papert is speaking about effecting real change in the content o f school mathematics, and he focuses particularly on the program line of fractions One theory among educators about why we should teach fractions in school was that manipulating fractions was actually closer to what people needed back before there were calculators. So a lot of school math was useful once upon a time, but we now have calculators and so we dont need it.But people say that surely we dont want to be dependent on the calculator. To which I say, Look at this thing, these eyeglasses, that make a dramatic release to my life and the life of everybody who reads or looks at any tiny detail. Once upon a time we would have been crippled, severely handicapped. Now weve got these and we dont need to go through all that suffering. So we are dependent on this little thing. Well, so what? There is postal code wrong with being dependent on a little thing that everybody can have lots of. It doesnt even cost much. So, that is no argument.People float the dependence on technology count er-argument against the use of technology in the mathematics classroom pretty frequently. But as Papert notes, is it really all that bad if students became dependent on a technology thats cheap and easy to come by? In fact, here in the US at least, arent most of us dependent on cheap and ubiquitous technologies eyeglasses, running water, cars, kitchen appliances? (And some of those arent cheap ) We dont make students in culinary school learn how to cook over a campfire out of fear theyd become dependent on ovens.Why should we shy away from calculators? That threat of becoming dependent upon technology to do mathematics is only a real concern, for me at least, under one of two conditions. One is if the technology we use is expensive or otherwise arduous to access for some learners. This can be a real problem. But math teachers can combat it by seeking technologies that are cheap or free and easy to access think cheap, functional, sturdy devices like the TI-30X instead of monstrosi ties like the TI NSpire. (Thats an order of magnitude difference in the expenditure there, in case you missed it. Or, as much as I loveMATLAB, its pricey and if accessing it is an issue for students, think instead about open-source alternatives like Octave. The other condition is when our definition of mathematics becomes so restricted that it includes only those tasks that can be easily farmed out to technology. When you remove all the human elements from mathematics modeling, problem solving, pattern-finding, written expression, and so on and reduce the subject to nothing more than rote mechanics, of course technology poses an existential threat to the discipline.And deservedly so Any discipline that can be replaced by software probably ought to be. Far more of an threat to students long-term success is the dependency they can develop upon people, especially teachers. If a student has trouble manipulating fractions without a calculator but can read a problem thoughtfully, mode l a quantitative location intelligently, and complete and validate her work independently, I eel pretty good about that students chances in the future. But if a student can ace all the test questions about fractions but cant do anything with a real-world problem without external prodding and validation from a teacher or other authority (Is this right? , Am I on the right track? , and so on), thats when theres real trouble, and its got nothing to do with technology. Whos talking about that kind of dependency in school mathematics these days?

Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Balance in Da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man and Butterfield’s Verde

Since balance is a key design principle in art, it is important that the artist achieve it in one of two ways. A piece of art must be either symmetrical or asymmetrical to skeletal achieve balance and not create tension in the work. When a piece of art is symmetrical it is a mirror image. There are an equal number of items of equal size, colors, textures, and etc. Many times this is utilize in architecture to create a pleasing effect to the eye. Balance can also be attained through asymmetrical design.Equilibrium is still come-at-able through this technique. Asymmetrical means that several smaller items are fit by a larger item, larger and smaller objects are arranged at different lengths away from the center, different textures are used, or brighter or darker colors contrasted by lighter or muted shades. The famous artist Leonardo Da Vinci, who lived in the fifteenth century, used the symmetrical technique in his famous drawing of the Vitruvian Man.In this drawing, it is mostly a mirrored image of the man and his anatomy. This draws the viewers eye to the center of the page. However, there is a tiny portion of the work that is asymmetrical. There is slightly more color on one side that is balanced with both feet turning to the side with less color. Deborah Butterfield, a sculptor from the twentieth century to the present, used the asymmetrical technique for her sculpture of the dollar, Verde.The back portion of the horse is bulky held on two skeletal legs while the front of the horse is opened and curvy with thin strips of metal for the neck and head. It parallels the way that a significant horse would look and it is totally balanced. Works Cited Butterfield, D. (c. 1990). Verde. Da Vinci. L. (c. 1485). The Vitruvian Man. Skaalid, B. (1999). Classic Design Theory Principles of Design Balance. Retrieved April 3, 2008 from http//www. usask. ca/education/coursework/skaalid/theory/cgdt/balance. htm

Louis Althusser

In his essay, Ideology and ideologic State Apparatuses, Louis Althusser demonstrates that in order to exist, a social formation is required to essentially, continuously and always reproduce the productive forces (labour-power), the conditions of business and the relations of production. The reproduction of productive forces is ensured by the wage system which pays a minimum amount to the growers so that they appear to work day after day, thereby limiting their vertical mobility.The reproduction of the conditions of production and the reproduction of the relations of production happens through the State Apparatuses which ar insidious machinations controlled by the capitalist ruling political theory in the context of a division struggle to repress, exploit, extort and subjugate the ruled cast. The Marxist spatial metaphor of the edifice, describes a social formation, constituted by the foundational infrastructure i. e. , the economic base on which stands the superstructure compri sing of two floors the Law-the State (politico-legal) and Ideology.Althusser extends this topographical paradigm by stating that the Infrastructural economic base is enable with an index of effectivity which enables it to ultimately determine the functioning of the superstructure. He scrutinizes this structural metaphor by discussing the superstructure in detail. A close study of the superstructure is necessitated due to its congress autonomy everyplace the base and its reciprocal travelion on the base. Althusser regards the State as a repressive apparatus which is used by the ruling class as a tool to suppress and dominate the working class.According to Althusser, the basic function of the Repressive State Apparatus (Heads of State, government, police, courts, army etc. ) is to intervene and act in favour of the ruling class by repressing the ruled class by violent and coercive means. The Repressive state apparatus (RSA) is controlled by the ruling class, because more often tha n not, the ruling class possesses State power. Althusser takes the Marxist theory of the State forward by distinguishing the repressive State Apparatus from the Ideological State Apparatuses (ISA).The ISAs consist of an array of institutions and multiple realities that propagate a wide range of ideologies such as Religious ISA, Educational ISA, Family ISA, Legal ISA, Political ISA, communications ISA, Cultural ISA etc. He accentuates the differences between the RSA and the ISAs as follows 1. The RSA functions as a unified entity (an organized whole) as opposed to the ISA which is diverse and plural. However, what unites the disparate ISAs is the fact that they are ultimately controlled by the ruling ideology. 2.The RSA function predominantly by means of repression and violence and secondarily by ideology whereas the ISA functions predominantly by ideology and secondarily by repression and violence. The ISA functions in a concealed and a symbolic manner. He declares that the School h as supplanted the Church as being the crucial ISA which augments the reproduction of the relations of production (i. e. , the capitalist relations of exploitation) by training the students to become productive forces (labour-power) working for and under the Capitalist agents of exploitation.The Educational ISAs, which assume a dominant role in a Capitalist economy, conceal and mask the ruling class ideology behind its liberating qualities so that their hidden agendas become inconspicuous to the parents of the students. Althusser compares ideology to Freuds unconscious mind. In the same sense that Freud had stated that the unconscious was eternal, he hypothesizes that ideology too is eternal due to its omnipresence. Therefore, ideology in general has no history.Althusser posits that it is not possible for a class to hold State power unless and until it exercises its hegemony (domination) over and in the ISA at the same time. The importance of ISAs is understood in the wake of class struggles because ISAs are not only a crucial stake in class struggle but they are also the site of class struggle. The resistances of the use classes are able to find means and opportunities to express themselves in the ISAs to overpower the dominant class.An oppressed class can end its oppression by over powering the dominant/ruling class by utilizing the contradictions within the ISAs or by conquering combating positions in the ISAs during struggle. The crux of Althussers argument is the structure and functioning of ideology. Althusser explains the structure and functioning of ideology by presenting two theses. Firstly, he posits that ideology represents the imaginary relationship of separates to their real conditions of existence.This distortion of reality is caused by material insanity and by the active imagination of oppressive individuals who base their domination and exploitation on the falsified representations of the world in order to enslave the relatively passive mind s of the oppressed. Secondly, he posits that ideology always has a material existence in the form of concrete entities or apparatuses (ISAs). Hence, an individuals belief in various ideologies (imaginary realities) is derived from the ideas of the individual who is a exposed endowed with a consciousness that is define by the ISAs.This (false) consciousness inspires and instigates the subject to behave in certain ways, adopt certain attitudes and embark in certain regular practices which conform to the ideology within which he recognizes himself as a subject. The ideas of the subject are inscribed in the ritual practices base on the correct principles of that ideology. Hence, despite the imaginary distortion by ideology, a subject derives his beliefs from the ideas which become his material actions and practices governed by material rituals which are all defined by material ideological apparatus and derived from the same.Althussers central thesis states that ideology transforms i ndividuals as subjects by a process of interpellation or hailing. The Family ISA is at work even before a child is born because it predetermines the identity of the child before its birth. Hence, an individual is always-already a subject. An individual is subjected to various levels of ideological devotion and each level of subjection or each ISA that subjects the individual influences the individuals day to day activities and thereby determines his real conditions of existence.Further, Althusser demonstrates that the recognition of oneself as a free subject within an ideology is only a misrecognition because the notion of a free subject in ideology is only an illusion. In reality, the subject is subjugated, limited, restricted and controlled by ideology to such an extent that he has limited freedom and diminutive individual agency. Due to this misrecognition the subject acts and practices rituals steeped in the dominant ideology that are detrimental to his/her own welfare.

Ap World History Chapter 12-14 Vocabulary

Tarek Sahyoun AP World History Unit 3 Vocabulary * Bedouins are pretty a lot the stereotypical Arabs because of their husbandry found on herding camels and goats * I would have liked to be a Shaykh if I lived in a Bedouin guild because they usually possessed large herds. * It is a Moslem utilise to pray toward the city of Mecca. * I was surprised to hear that Muhammads flight to Medina began the Muslim cal destinationar. * The Umayyad clan dominated Mecca, and later(prenominal) became a Muslim dynasty. * Muhammad is the prophet that started the religion of Islam, which unconstipated today is a major religion. My grandmother reads the Quran in her free time. * If one is Muslim, one must always have faith in the Umma. * Muslims must cook up zakat to the mosques to allow them to keep functioning. * The Five Pillars are the set of rules that all Muslims must follow. * Caliphs were doubted by many because they took the place of Muhammad although there were no official procedures to have soul follow the prophet. * Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad. * Abu Bakr had the privilege of succeeding Muhammad as the first caliph. * The Ridda Wars following Muhammads stopping point restored the unity of Islam. Jihad was the Muslim holy war. * Muawiya was the first Umayyad caliph and had a capital was Damascus * Today, Sunnis make up al or so of the Muslim population. * Today, Shias make up the minority of the Muslim population * Mawali people had many restrictions, although they were given the right convert to Islam. * Dhimmis were known as the people of the book who originally included the Jews and the Christians. * The Abbasids dynasty succeeded the Umayyads after a long rivalry had ended. * Hadiths are traditions of the prophet Muhammad Wazir was the important administrative official under the Abbasids * Dhows were used by Arab merchants, and helped them be very successful in quick trade. * The Ayan was the wealthy landed selected group group that emerged under the Abbasids * Al-Mahdi failed to ensconce Shia moderates to his dynasty and to resolve the succession problem. * Harun al-Rashid was the most famous of the Abbasid caliphs * Buyids were Persian invaders of the 10th century that captured Baghdad * The Seljuk Turks were nomadic invaders from substitution Asia * There have been several accounts of Crusades in bill of the world. Salah-ud-Din reconquered most of the crusader commonwealths. * Ibn Khaldun was a great Muslim historian * Al-Razi was a scientist who was incorrect, and classified all matter as animal, vegetable, and mineral. * Al-Biruni was an advanced scientist who calculated the special weight of major minerals. * The Ulama was made up of Islamic religious scholars. * Al-Ghazali was a brilliant Islamic theologian * Sufis were Islamic mystics, and spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions. * Mongols were central Asian nomadic peoples, and later had one of the largest empires in the world. Chinggis Khan was a Mongol ruler, who would later play a large role in the history of the Mongols. * Mamluks were rulers of Egypt who descended from Turkish slaves * Muhammad ibn Qasim is respected because he was once the Arab general who conquered Sind and made it part of the Umayyad Empire * Although they are Arabic numerals, they are actually Indian. * Mahmud of Ghazni was ruler of an Afghan dynasty. * Muhammad of Ghur was a Persian ruler of a small Afghan kingdom. * Sati was a very cruel way of dying, for widowed women had to be burned with their deceased husbands. Bhaktic cults were Hindu religious groups who stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the gods or goddesses. * Kabir was Muslim mystic who played down the differences between Hinduism and Islam * Shrivijaya was the trading empire based on the Malacca straits * Malacca was a flourishing trading city in Malaya that was established a trading empire after the slide by of Shrivijaya. * Demak was most fountain ful of the trading states on the north Java coast. Stateless societies -societies of varying size of its organized through kingship and lacking the concentration of power found in centralized states * Maghrib is the Arabic term for northwestern Africa * The Almoravids built an empire reaching from the African savanna into Spain * The Almohadis built an empire reaching from the African savanna into Spain * Ethiopia is a Christian kingdom in the highlands of eastern Africa * Sahel is the term for the extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara. Sudanic states are states trading with north Africa and mixing Islamic and indigenous ways * Mali is a state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers * Juula were Malinke merchants who traded throughout the Mali Empire and west Africa * Mansa was title of the ruler of Mali * Ibn Batuta was an Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world * Kankan Musa was legendary because of the wealth distri saveed alo ng the way on a pilgrimage to Mecca. * Sundiata created a unified state that became the Mali Empire. * Songhay was the successor state to Mali. * Hausa states have Islamic and indigenous beliefs. East African trading ports were urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures. * Demographic transition is the term for the change from slow to rapid population growth. * Nok was the central Nigerian culture with a highly developed art style. * Yoruba was a highly urbanized Nigerian agriculturists organized into small city-states. * Luba peoples created a form of divine kingship where the ruler had powers ensuring fertility of people and crops. * Great Zimbabwe incorporated the sterling(prenominal) early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa * Justinian was a Byzantine emperor who failed to reconquer the western portions of the empire. The Body of Civil Law was the emperor Justinians codification of Roman law. * The Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignit ed when exposed to water was known as Greek fire. * Icons are images of religious figures venerated by Byzantine Christians. * Iconoclasm was the action of breaking of icons. * Manzikert was the Seljuk Turk victory which resulted in loss of the empires rich Anatolian territory * Cyril and Methodius were Byzantine missionaries displace to convert eastern Europe and Balkans. * Kiev was a commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians. Rurik is regarded as founder of Kievan Rus in 855. * Vladmir I was a ruler of Kiev that converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity. * Russian Orthodoxy was a Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire. * Yaroslav was the last great Kievan monarch. * Boyars were Russian land-holding aristocrats. * Tatars were Mongols who conquered Russian cities. * The eye Ages is known as the period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th century. * Gothic architecture is an architectural style developed in Wes tern Europe. Vikings were seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe. * Manorialism was a rural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their minor laborers during the nitty-gritty Ages. * Serfs were peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system. * The three-field system was the practice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage. * Clovis was a king of the Franks. * The Carolingians was royal abode of Franks. * Charles Martel was the first Carolingian king of the Franks. * Charlemagne was a Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany. Holy Roman emperors were political heirs to Charlemagnes empire in northern Italy and Germany. * Feudalism was a personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service. * Vassals were members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in ret urn for military service and loyalty. * The Capetians were a French dynasty. * William the Conqueror invaded England from Normandy. * The Magna Carta be principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law. Parliaments are bodies representing privileged groups. * The Hundred Years War was a major conflict between England and France. * pontiff Urban II organized the first Crusade in 1095. * Investiture is the practice of appointment of bishops * St. Clare of Assisi is the founder of a womans monastic order * Gregory VII is a pope who attempted to free church from secular control quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay enthronisation of bishops * Thomas Aquinas was a creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning. Scholasticism is a dominant medieval philosophical approach. * Troubadours gave a new appreciate to the emotion of love in Western tradition. * The Hanseatic League was an organizat ion of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance * Jacques Coeurs flight as banker to the French monarchy demonstrates new course of medieval commerce * Guilds stressed security and mutual control limited membership, regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good workmanship held a privileged place in cities * The Black Death significantly reduced Europes population. Columbus referred to the Native Americans as Indians. * Toltecs established capital at Tula following migration into central Mesoamerican plateau strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice. * Aztecs also known as the Mexica established a large empire. * Tenochtitlan became center of Aztec power. * Calpulli were clans in Aztec society. * I think it would be pretty cool to work on a chinampa. * Pochteca specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items. Inca socialism was an translation describing Inca society as a type of utopia * The Inca was a group o f clans centered at Cuzco. * Pachacuti began the military campaign that marked the creation of an Inca empire * Huayna Capac brought the empire to its greatest extent * Split inheritance is an Inca practice of ruler descent * Curacas were local rulers who the Inca left in office in return for loyalty. * Tambos were supply centers for Inca armies Quipu -system of knotted arrange utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records * Period of the Six Dynasties -era of continual warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han * Wendi -member of prominent northern Chinese family during the era of Six Dynasties established Sui dynasty in 589, with support from northern nomadic peoples * Li yuan -Duke of Tang minister for Yangdi took over the empire after the assassination of Yangdi 1st Tang ruler * Ministry of Public Rites -administered the examinations for state office during the Tang dynasty * Jinshi -title given students who passed the most difficult examinations became eligible for high office * Chan Buddhism -call Zen in Japan stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty popular among the elite * Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism -emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism popular among the masses * Wuzong -Tang emperor (841-847) persecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism * Khitan nomads -founded Liao dynasty of Manchuria in 907 remained a threat to Song very much influenced by Chinese culture * Zhao Kuangyin -general who founded Song dynasty took royal name of Taizu * Zhu Xi -most prominent Neo-Confucian scholar during the Song dynasty stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday feel * Wang Anshi -Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song ruler in 1070s introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalism advocated greater state intervention i n society * Southern Song -smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279) presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history * Jurchens -founders of Jin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China annexed most of Yellow River basin and forces Song to flee south * Grand Canal -great canal system begun by Yangdi joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin * Junks -Chinese ships equip with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula * Flying money -Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture reduced danger of robbery an early form of currency * Footbinding -male imposed practice to mutilate womens feet in order to educe size produced pain and restricted movement helped to confine women to the household * Bi Sheng -11th c artisan devised technique of printing with movable type made it possible for China to be the most contempor ary literate civilziation * Taika reforms -attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant draftee army * Fujiwara -mid-9th c Japanese aristocratic family exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs aided in decline of imperial power * Bushi -regional warrior leadership in Japan ruled small kingdoms from fortresses administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues built up private armies * Samurai -mounted troops of the bushi loyal to local lords, not the emperor * Seppuku -ritual suicide in Japan also known as hari-kiri demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor * Gumpei wars -waged for five years from 1180 on Honshu between the Taira and Minamoto families ended in destruction of Taira * Bakufu -military government established by the Minamoto following Gumpei wars centered at Kamakura retained emperor, but real power resided in mili tary government and samurai * Shoguns -military leaders of the bakufu Hojo -a warrior family closely allied with the Minamoto dominated Kamakura administration and manipulated Minamoto rulers ruled in name of emperor * Ashikaga Takuaji -member of Minamoto family overthrew KamaKura regime and established Ashikaga shogunate (1336-1573) drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino * Daimyos -warlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate holding consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states * Choson -earliest Korean kingdom conquered by Han in 109 BCE * Koguryo -tribal people of northern Korea established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula adopted cultural Sinification * Sinification -extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions * Yi -dynasty (1392-1910) succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence * Trung Sisters -leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against C hinese rule in 39 CE demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society * Khmers and Chams -Indianized Vietnamese peoples get the better of by northern government at Hanoi * Nguyen -southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that hallenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi * Chinggis Khan -born in 1170s elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206 began the Mongols rise to world power died 1227 * Tumens -basic fighting units of Mongol forces made up of 10,000 cavalrymen divided into smaller units * Tangut -rulers of Xi-Xia kingdom of northwest China during the southern Song period conquered by Mongols in 1226 * shamanist religion -Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits * Batu -grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde invaded Russian in 1236 * Golden Horde -one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c * Prester John -a mythical Christian monarch whose kingdo m purportedly had been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests some thought he was Chinggis Khan * Ilkhan khanate -one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan eventually included much of Abbasid empire * Hulegu -grandson of Chinggis Khan and rule of Ilkhan khanate captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad * Mamluks -Muslim slave warriors established dynasty in Egypt led by Baibars defeated Mongols in 1260 * Kubilai Khan -grandson of Chinggis Khan conquered China established Yuan dynasty in 1271 * Chabi -influential wife of Kubilai Khan demonstrated refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Confucian China * Nestorians -Asian Christian sect cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions * White Lotus Society -secret religious society dedicated to trim of Yuan dynasty * Ju Yuanzhang -Chinese peasant who led successful revolt against Yuan founded Ming dynasty * Timur-i-Lang -last major nomad leader 14th c, known to the We st as Tamerlane Turkic ruler of Samarkand launched attacks in Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, southern Russia empire disintegrated after his death in 1405 * Ottoman Empire -Turkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire * Ming Dynasty -replaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368 lasted until 1644 initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa later concentrated on internal development within China * Zheng He -Muslim Chinese seaman commanded expeditions throughout the Indian Ocean * Renaissance -cultural and political elite movement beginning in Italy circa 1400 rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce produced iterature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the European Middle Ages * Portugal, Castile, and Aragon -regional Iberian kingdoms participated in reconquest of peninsula from Muslims developed a vigoro us military and religious agenda * Vivaldi brothers -Genoese explorers who attempted to find a western route to the Indies precursors of European thrust into southern Atlantic * Henry the Navigator -Portuguese prince sponsored Atlantic voyages reflected the forces present in last postclassical Europe * Ethnocentrism -judging foreigners by the standards of ones own group leads to problems in interpreting world history

Young People Have More Want Than Needs. What Are Your View?

Young People Have More Wants than Needs. What do you consider? This materialistic world produces enormous amount of goods and services to satiate our wants more than our needs. The attitude of consolatory ones wants has almost ever so preceded ones needs. This new wave of attitude is especially obvious in unsalted plurality who take away endless desires to necessitate what they want instead of what they actually need. Consequently, nowadays, we have often heard the phrase I want and r arely get to hear I need from new people.This is especially evident in the things young people are seeking today. No doubt, good education is part of it and it is indeed necessary. However, some have become so obsessed with achieving weaken grades that they are willing to spend a fortune on getting additional help beyond their school for the sake of beating their classmates in academic results. lacking to achieve their objectives, some have hired a few personal tutors to help them out. Instead of relying and making good use of what is already provided to them, such ones have taken things for granted.They do not see that their needs have actually been fulfilled but focus too much on their wants, which is getting better results to perhaps outshine their peers. Regrettably, this kind of obsession would mean that their parents hard-earned money is spent wastefully or even unwisely. For what, for satisfying their wants when their needs have actually been met. Additionally, the interest of keeping up to date with fashion is all too common in young people.These things are not bad in themselves but to corroborate ones closet with the latest fashion means that young ones may often spend beyond their means simply for the purpose of satisfying their wants. Even for those without the means to possess the latest, they may even try to get what they want through illegal channel such as doing part measure as escorts. Sadly, this has been happening in recent years. Apparently, the tre nd has taken root because young people often fail to differentiate clearly their wants from their needs.Not to be lose is the desire to pace up with the epoch of technology in terms of mobile phones. Gone are the days of owning a phone just to cast off calls and sending short text messages. Our generation has become extremely sophisticated with the advancement in technology. Unfortunately, we have been witnessing the massive production of smart phones that keeps flooding the mart with infinite choices and temptations to have to own one. Ironically, we are seeing young people wning the latest smart phones more than adults who are supposed to be the more in all probability group of people to own these things. So the question is how on earth do our young people get the financial means to purchase these gadgets? Apparently, their main sponsors are their parents. As a matter of fact, quite a large number of young people are often seen pestering their parents to buy them or equip them with the latest products. This has also evidenced itself when parents are being demanded to trade good examination results in return for getting what their children want.To make matters worse, young people sometimes threaten their parents, who may not be wealthy enough, to buy the latest smart phones for them. To sum it all up, I must say that young people have more wants than needs. If only they could exercise a little more of their thinking ability, they would definitely be able to discern for themselves that wants will always be endless but needs are very few and necessary but the latter must precede the former.

Best essay ever

Grouping atomic number 63 into 3 segments WWW Super Nozzles in Europe Wool No clear gross sales goals. offshoot in Industrial Chemicals 02 Different markets 03 Growth in Europe 04 Other areas of the world 05 New adjunction ventures 06 New branded sub-assemblies 07 Growth in Plastics 08 Growth in Canada 09 Manufacturing in Europe THREATS TO Extra fees in Europe TO Fragmented media in Europe TO Cultural barriers in Europe TO New competitors TO Government Solutions AY seduce a Joint venture with a company in a single country in Europe.Europe is too big of an area with too many different languages and cultures for a small company eke Kinesics. They affect to narrow their focus on one country. Also, by creating a Joint venture they can swing all or some of the fees that make their European product up to 45% much expensive. The idea seems to be working well in Canada. If it goes well, work more Joint ventures in other countries in Europe.PROS CONS Pl more narrow target market CLC less potential sales UP better brain of market CO less control over operations UP reduced fees CO grant profits Leave Europe. Focus efforts on U. S. Where there is still huge potential for growth. Continue sales from Canada and Japan. Pl no wasted efforts/money in Europe CLC lose European sales UP more energy put forth towards U. S.CO less international exposure UP safe decision CO Company growth may slow down Exhibit 1 SSL Exclusive rights to the mixing gimmick without moving parts SO Unlike components, branded products came in standard sizes that could be plugged in to existing machinery SO Choosing target applications and selling only branded subassembly to them, management was pleased with the financial returns of this dodging SO It appeared that Canadian Kinesics would double their sales from 1972-1973 SO Good ales in synthetic fibers, pulp and paper, industrial chemicals, plastics, waste application, made company versatile SO Only 6 sizes of Super Nozzles were needed to sc reening U. S. Arrests SO New product that no one else had, only company with the technology SO more than organized than European sales, over 1 million orders SIS Created multiple branded subassembly and able to create custom components.

: Supply Chain Management Is Primarily of Interest to Manufacturing Firms

everywhereview Supply reachs ar networks of organisations, information, technologies, activities and resources involved in the movement and conversion of physical goods or services from suppliers to end consumers. These different organisations ar interlinked by physical, information and monetary flows. Organisations create cherish by transforming raw products into finished goods or reposition of resources thru space and measure, which is based on networks of supply concatenations. Both ways, it involves the movement and conversion of physical goods and information throughout supply chains across the world.Therefore organisations and supply chains are closely interlinked in the creation of value for its customers. Manufacturing firms arise goods for use or sale using labour, machines, technology and other materials usu onlyy on a large scale. Processing of materials into products takes place in a factory or manufacturing plant where the organisations labour and machines work in unison to transform raw material into a usable product, or using many components and process it into a finished product for the end consumer, just like how a baker is able to transform flour to bread thru labour, skill, machinery and tools.Supply chain management for manufacturing firms To achieve economies of scale, manufacturing firms of necessity to produce their products on a large scale. Gener all toldy the risqueer the production output of the firm, the lower the unit appeal of their product provide be. Besides output volume, the speed of production leave behind determine the lead time from manufacture to delivery. High productivity will enable manufacturing firms to achieve shorter production cycles which equates to better competitiveness in their respective marts.Capacity management will determine how streamlined the manufacturer will be in producing its goods. Over capacity will result in increased wastage and costs while under capacity will see the firm lose def inite profits that it should gain. Thus manufacturers acquires to carefully consider the shell and amount of capacity needed for its production when doing its supply chain planning. The timing of capacity changes also needs to be taken into consideration to achieve maximum efficenty given that demands of their products varies with seasonal changes.The ability to counterbalance to market demand changes quickly will determine manufacturers flexibility in keeping up with these demands. Manufacturers needs facilities to produce, whether warehouses to computer storage its raw materials or finished goods, or manufacturing plants to produce their products. Services facilities are needed by certain manufacturing industries such as consumer electronics to cater for returns. Distribution centres also determine the efficenty of production distribution and un-nesessary inventory property will result in higher holding cost.Such facilities require large investments and are organic of the man ufacturers supply chain strategy and thus proper planning is needed when making these decisions regardong the size, location which affect the overall operations. How manufacturers run their productions also determine how successful will they be in legal injury of productivity and quality levels. Different types of equipment and processes also affect the cost and output of the manufacturing plant.Information systems that flow both upstream and downstream affects the forecasting, planning, inventory and production levels, they must be robust to ensure the manufacturing firm is able to react accordingly to changing demands and variations. In addition to their internal environment, manufacturing firms needs to consider procurement as an integral part of their supply chain strategy, supplier selection will affect the cost and how the manufacturer will run its production and ultimately affects the whole supply chain. cargo ships systems as part of the supply chain plays an equally impo rtant role for manufacturing firms success.To reduce inventory holding levels many manufacturing firms are running on a inclination basis where they practice Just-In-Time delivery to meet production schedules. Transportation networks to customers have to be equally efficient to reduce lead time in accordance to lean manufacturing. Many manufacturing firms leverage supply chains to achieve competitive advantages in their markets. the case study on Procter & Gamble (Bozarth & Handfield, 2006 Pg 91-92) is a good example of how a manufacturing firm leverages on their supply chain to meliorate on their effectiveness and lowering cost.Procter & Gamble used to operate under five different patronage sectors according to different product lines such as paper goods and healthcare products in the mid 1990s. primitively this makes good sense to Procter & Gamble to better manage its diverse business. However for the retailers and customers of Procter & Gamble who is purchasing with all the d ifferent five entities, it also meant different separate processing, invoicing and deliveries when at the core the five entities are all under the same company.For Procter & Gamble it also a logistical nightmare as they faced issues with high volume of orders which resulted in errors, inefficient deliveries with many trucks delivering to the same customer with less than truckload full and inefficient invoicing by the different entities to the same customer. After Procter & Gamble redesigned the information and physical flows across their five entities, their customers only need to deal with one entity for all its product range and logistical process.The end result is a win-win circumstance where Procter & Gamble increased its profitability through cost savings and increased customer satisfaction. Their customers also gained with the efficient processes and they are also able to enjoy volume discounts from consolidated orders across their product range. Summary In order to excel, m anufacturers might need to produce high variations of products, produce in large volumes to meet economies of scale, be flexible enough to meet the volatile markets demands and run a lean and efficient supply chain to save costs and reduce wastages.In view of such, supply chain management to manufacturing firms are of utmost splendor if they wish to compete in todays ferociously competitive markets. Besides making and selling a product, manufacturing firms need to manage and leverage on supply chain strategically in order to gain competitive advantages. As a result of globalisation and rapid technological changes, manufacturing firms needs to constantly focus on supply chain management to align their internal operations with their external environments.

The Importance of Training to Quality

Introduction Many theorists founder suggested that it is crucial to adequately train stuff in order to ameliorate the overall tincture of the service or fruit offered. Today employers ar increasingly depending on the skills of all their employees for forward motions in efficiency, eccentric and customer service (Motwani, Frahm, & Kathawala, 1994a). This follow-up allow for focus on the findings of the main theorists in the look management field and their views on the bullyness of employee didactics. It leave alone outline the factors which influence employee study and suggest how feel development should be implemented.The review depart also provide some insight into alternative methods of fibre employee training. The immenseness of Training to lumber Motwani, Frahm, & Kathawala (1994b) country that training is the critical variable in the success or failure of a confederations quality improvement design. They go on to conjecture that training enables a compan ys workforce to acquire the skills commanded to improve and maintain the quality production exploit. As the challenge of improving product and service quality becomes more important for all fundamental laws so does the challenge to the training and development employment (Motwani, et al. 1994a). Motwani, et al. , (1994a) agree with other rootages such as Cocheu (1992) and Ishikawa (1976), that quality begins and ends with training. According to Kaeter and Cothran (1992), training influences the process that help to improve quality. Ishikawa (1976) who has been a leader in stressing employee authorityicipation and the man who advocated the use of cause and effect diagrams (also known as ishikawa diagrams) to diagnose quality problems, has stressed that it is crucial to train managers and employees to improve quality.Deming (1982) nones that all employees should be trained continually as the ineluctably of the customers atomic number 18 everlastingly changing over time. It is not enough to hire trustworthy people for the business organisation. They constantly go to acquire new skills for new materials and new methods of production. Deming (1982) considers training to be a long-term investment in people and the future of the company. Continuous training helps employees to improve their quality performance and the quality of the work processes they are responsible for (Deming 1982).When identifying describe practices of quality management, most authors agree that training is an important factor. Saraph, Benson & Schroeder (1989) list training as one of the eight critical factors of quality management. Lakhal, Pasin, & Limam (2006) go on to state that employee training and employee participation are two of the eight critical factors of quality management. Eight key employee practices to improve quality have also been suggested by Smith (2001) and they are recruiting, selection, retention, teamwork, training and development, appraisal, rewarding quali ty and employee involvement.Just knowing that training is important is not enough training must(prenominal) also be effective (Cocheu, 1992). Cocheu (1992) proposes that to improve quality, organizations can use a six-step strategy, which includes 1. Preparation, 2. Planning, 3. Awareness, 4. Deployment, 5. Implementation, and 6. Continuous improvement. This strategy should be supported by a six-phase training approach 1. Understanding and commitment, 2. select management systems, 3. Improvement teams, 4. Customer service, 5. Process improvement, and 6. modern quantitative methods. Each phase of the quality training curriculum should build on the preceding hase of the training to give people at every level of the organization the knowledge and skills they will take in. This includes both the employees and the management. (Cocheu, 1992) The Importance of Management to Training Most authors agree that quality management is crucial for the successful training of the employees. Wit hout the sincere commitment of top management, spending time on quality training is pointless. Employees look to management to go to if a company is really serious about quality training. If the management does not commit itself to transfigure than the workers will not do so either (Motwani, et al. 1994b). Successful implementation of any change programme requires proper gentility and training of those who would be involved in the implementation process (Ernest Osseo-Asare Jr & Longbottom, 2002). Management needs to be sincere and to devote adequate time and resources to the on-site training effort so that employees commit it is important. Whether on-site or off-site training is employed, the skills look intoed by employees need to be applied immediately. If this is done, employees will receive the quality message (Motwani, et al. , 1994b).Anjard (1995) argues that it is no longer a luxury or a dubiety as to whether Total character Management (TQM) philosophy should be adop ted. He states that unless we adopt the concepts of continuous improvement, we are guaranteeing organizational obsolescence. TQM is a visionary movement which represents a final recognition of a management philosophy that encourages employees to share responsibility for delivering quality service and products. Commitment from the top as wellspring as a willingness to transform an organization from the bottom up is essential for effective implementation.More importantly Anjard (1995), goes on to say that effective TQM managers lead, coach and mentor amongst other things and that managers must train everyone and provide them with the knowledge, skills and tools needed for continuous quality improvement. Mathews, et al. (2001) fit that the training that underpins quality management determines the likely effectiveness of the quality initiatives undertaken. Quality is achieved where employee satisfaction results from high-quality management, which places great importance on employee mo tivation and morale (Crome, 1998).Clear objectives in line with vision should be shared out with staff through proactive leadership, highlighting areas that work well, creating champions of good practice and organism supportive and motivational (Curry & Lyon, 2008). Donaldson (2004) states that achieving true quality takes practi vocaly more than just learning the basic skills and technical concepts, you also have to get the human element right. This means providing education and training opportunities for all involved, plus support and mandate from above. The author adds that emphasis should be placed on employee empowerment and training to improve quality of service.Bharadwaj & Karkera (2001) add that it is not realistic to think that mangers can achieve control by simply hiring good people, aligning incentives and hoping for the best. Todays managers must encourage employees to initiate process improvements and new ways of responding to customers needs scarce in a controlle d way. Also, the employees must be told specifically what is pass judgment of them. Specific training makes employees more confident(p) and reduces staff turnover rates. This in turn increases quality (Pollitt, 2006). Smith (2001) agrees and states that employee involvement is positively linked with amend quality.As a result of this employee empowerment, some trainers responsible for self-guidance of the development process, become concerned that the philosophy implies their determination within the organization will eventually become redundant. Quality control managers have subsequently observe that the move to TQM has not reduced the importance of their job role. In fact, quite the reverse is usually the cheek because the quality managers new responsibilities as quality facilitator and mentor across all aspects of the organizations activities is inevitably more rewarding and demanding than their old role of organizational gamekeeper (Chaston, 1994).Many companies have establ ished written quality requirements for the products that they produce but few have developed internal requirements that must be met as process flows from one operation to another. Still fewer have developed requirements for the process itself what must be done in what order to produce a conforming output (Oversmith, 1990). The author stresses the importance of using recognition systems that encourage participation and the involvement of employees in the quality process. Oversmith (1990) adds that companies achieve quality by making every single employee a quality manager.Each employee has to know what part they are playing in the quality improvement process. It begins when the employee is orientated into the company. The employee learns the requirements expected of all employees as well as the specific requirements for the job to be performed. This initial training should be followed up within the initiatory few weeks of employment by formal quality education to stress the importa nce of the individuals role in the quality improvement process as well as specific actions an employee is expected to take to avoid or eliminate quality nonconformance (Oversmith, 1990).Formal training in meeting problem solving and the proper use of teams to eliminate quality problems further prepares an employee to participate in improvement process. Smith (2001) also agrees that team based learning is important and suggests that incentives should be used to promote quality. Incentives for Quality and Alternative Methods of Training In order for the employees to use their training and improve the quality of the products/ serve, the management must provide them with incentives. If valued incentives exist for desired behavior, training that enables such behavior is likely to succeed as wellMany people receive a fixed amount of pay for the hours they work. They will not make more money immediately if they do a better job and they will not receive less, unless they are fired, for doi ng a poorer job. So, for these people, pay is an incentive for being present and for doing a minimally congenial job and not much more than that. Fortunately for employers, other incentives exist approval and compliments, respect and trust, coming to valued resources tools, people, a window with a sunny view, awards, increased power and authority, more interesting or desirable assignments (Allen, 2003).Allen (2003) suggests that employers consider providing meaningful and memorable stimulates through interactive multimedia to help employees see how the allude of their work determines the success of the group and ultimately affects quality. Burns (2005) suggests use of e-learning to train employees to improve quality. The key being interactivity. E-learning provides the potential to bring quality to life. When people are having fun, they wont realize how much they are learning. If the average employee doesnt enjoy learning he or she wont absorb much about quality.Computers allo w simulations to be built as an aid to learning and this is very relevant in lean Six Sigma training where factors such as throughput, work in progress, touch time and pass time interact could be difficult to demonstrate. This would not just be effective but it will also be more enjoyable and people learn better when they are enjoying the learning experience (Pollitt, 2007). Pattison (2001) agrees that activities and interactivity make learning and training more enjoyable. Burns (2005) adds that humor is another means of providing motivation to learn about quality.Conclusion Upon review of literature on the importance of training to product and service quality it is evident that staff training is a vital part of any quality process. Quality products and services depend on a quality workforce. In order to sustain competitive advantage companies need to develop and implement quality training measures. A strong support from management is needed to constantly motivate and facilitate th e employees training. Investing in employees training directly correlates with how the quality of the companys products and services is viewed.If training continues to improve, if it continues to reinforce quality messages, then employees will believe quality truly is the foundation of their companys long term culture. References Allen, M. (2003). Training rewards good performance. Quality, 42, 28-29. Anjard, R. P. (1995). observes to successful TQM training and implementation. Training for Quality, 3(1), 1422. Bharadwaj, G. , & Karkera, R. (2001). Employee training in quality in the new millennium. Quality Congress. ASQs Annual Quality Congress Proceedings, 517-528. Burns, T. (2005). E-Learning The Future of Quality Training.Quality Progress, 38(2), 50-56. Chaston, I. (1994). Managing for Total Training Quality. Training for Quality, 2(3), 11-14. Cocheu, T. (1992). Training with Quality. Training & Development, 46(5), 10. Crome, M. (1998). Call centres battery farming or free ran ge? Industrial and Commercial Training, 30(4), 137. Curry, A. , & Lyon, W. (2008). Call centre service quality for the public a Scottish framework for the future. Managing Service Quality, 18(2), 194-208. Deming, W. E. (1982). Quality, Productivity and Competitive Position. Cambridge MIT Press. Donaldson, D. P. (2004). Getting the People Part Right.Quality Progress, 37(7), 6. Ernest Osseo-Asare Jr, & Longbottom, D. (2002). The need for education and training in the use of EGQM model for quality management in UK higher education insitutions. Quality Assuarance in Education 10(1), 26-36. Ishikawa, K. (1976). Guide to quality control. Tokyo Asian Productivity Organisation. Kaeter, M. , & Cothran, T. (1992). Pioneering Quality Training. Training(April 1992), 13-18. Lakhal, L. , Pasin, F. , & Limam, M. (2006). Quality management practices and their impact on performance. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 23(6), 625-646.Mathews, B. P. , Ueno, A. , Periera, Z. L. , Silva, G. , Kekale, T. , & Repka, M. (2001). Quality training findings from a European survey. The TQM Magazine, 13(1), 61-68. Motwani, J. G. , Frahm, M. L. , & Kathawala, Y. (1994a). Achieving a Competitive Advantage through Quality Training. Training for Quality, 2(1), 35-40. Motwani, J. G. , Frahm, M. L. , & Kathawala, Y. (1994b). Quality Training The Key to Quality Improvement Training for Quality 2(2), 7-12. Oversmith, G. E. (1990). Developing Employee Ownership of the Quality Improvement Process. Hospital materiel Management Quarterly, 12(1), 38-45.Pattison, S. A. (2001). Staff meetings an opportunity for accelerated training of employees. Journal of Workplace Learning, 13(4), 172178. Pollitt, D. (2006). Holiday Extras is fugitive high Call-center training improves call time, quality and staff retention. Human Resource Management International Digest, 14(7), 22-24. Pollitt, D. (2007). ING rent banks on the quality of its call centre employees. Training & Management Develop ment Methods 21(4), 579-582. Smith, W. L. (2001). Customer service call centers managing rapid personnel changes. Human Systems Management, 20 123129.

Elections in India Essay

The process, which is the essence of every democracy, would grant been wrapped up and d sensation with, by the Republic of India, by the time this edition of the Pioneer reaches your hands. Of course, I refer to the General alternatives, the time, perhaps the lonesome(prenominal) time, for the population to have their say- the say which would decide the future of their community and may be their own Change is the only constant, they say, and elections be no exception to this. The vogue of elections has changed good post-independence. Gone argon the days when the politicians would travel long distances by foot to promote themselves and their party the latest in fashion are the helicopters. Not only do the aspirants have their own websites, merely alike their very own blogs and jingles. The IT teams of various political parties have indeed come step forward with flying color in making their chap look like the man next door. The Arvind Kejriwals video, in which he advocates fo r his brainchild- the AAP, has been viral on WhatsApp. Not only this, but many have received not only texts but also voice messages from the candidates from their constituency, requesting them for a vote in their favour.Over 70 million voters bequeath cast their precious vote to choose their representative. More than one thousand political parties are fetching part in this jumbo fair of democracy. To choose 543 members of the 16th Lok Sabha, it is estimated that the political parties will spend ten dollar bill thousand crores of rupees. This amount includes the expenditure borne out of ticket buying, advertisements, campaigning (that includes the buying of liquor and giving out cash to the voters), booth capturing, party funds, buying weapons, travelling, and other accessories like flex boards, banners, flags, bags, pens, pins, posters, stickers, masks, photos etc., which practic every last(predicate)y, has no count. Ironically enough, the Election Commission grants only 70, 0000 0 for campaigning purposes to every candidate.To be able to serve people believe that they are the favourites of the voters of their constituencies, boosts up their chance of winning, is a common belief of the Indian politicians. And the best of all the means to do that, are- rallies and road shows. A large chunk of the funds is granted to the party workers to bring large fig of people and vehicles, to prove to the voting class, the colossal support the leader enjoys. In Punjab various artists are called upon, to ripple the famous peppy numbers or perform Bhangra. In the south the Tamil and Telegufilm stars are called upon to gather the masses. The bollywood actors are all time favourites in the entire nation. We dont need all this.With time, the society has given rise to a thinking class and this thinking class doesnt catch any sense in bringing a celebrity to campaign for you. If a candidate require some celebs to come in and ask their fans to prove their loyalty to them by v oting for Mr. X, then does that psyche really deserve even to be named as an aspirant for the post of a MP? If one really is a politician, with a connect with the masses, then they dont require these pens and badges and what not, with their party image and stuff like that printed on it, to remind people of their existence. The least we expect, from our may-be legislators, is some sensibility. Gathering huge nonrecreational or threatened crowd at rallies is no big thing and definitely doesnt make you credible. The money you indulge in fulfilling all your fancies and following the trend of the classic Indian elections, could have been utilize in a lot more productive way. And neta ji, its only for once after five old age that you are reminded of your constituency, so why waste such a lot unproductively at once, its soften that you dont even do that for us.(In some way doing nothing with the money is better that throwing it in the bin.)Kudos to the Election Commission for the lev el of awareness it has created among the people about the importance of their vote. The nigh unfashionable thing you can do today is- not to vote, credits the ECI. Keeping all this in mind, it is sad to see even in cities like Mumbai, 50.7% voter turnout is all we reach, and that too is the maximal in 25 years. Remember, it is your own right you are despising. If you want to raise a finger at your government, you need to have it stained with that ink, or else you are not eligible even to criticise. And you know it is invariably better to vote for somebody than to vote against someone. The sad part is that we are still indifferent to livelong of this process and unknown to the power our Constitution has prearranged for us. This concern for the nation is limited for party discussions and writing essays, but the fact remains, to quote Imelda Marcos. Whoever wins or loses, we still go shopping after the elections.

Pepsico Swot Analysis, India

The recipe for Pepsi (the soft drink), was starting signal developed in the 1880s by a pharmacist and industrialist from New Bern, North Carolina, summond Caleb Bradham who c eached it Pepsi- pot in 1898. As the cola developed in popularity, he created the Pepsi-Cola association in 1902 and registered a patent for his recipe in 1903. 4 The Pepsi-Cola Company was first incorporated in the articulate of Delaw be in 1919. In the early 1960s the go with convergence line expanded with the creation of fast Pepsi and purchase of Mountain Dew.Separately, the Frito Company and H. W. Lay & Company two Ameri merchant ship potato and corn chipping collation manufacturers began working together in 1945 with a licensing agreement allowing H. W. Lay to distribute Fritos in the southeast United States. The companies merged to become Frito-Lay, Inc. in 1961. 7 In 1965, the Pepsi-Cola Company merged with Frito-Lay, Inc. to become PepsiCo, Inc. , the attach to it is cognize as at presen t. At the time of its foundation, PepsiCo was incorporated in the state of Delaware and headquartered in Manhattan, New York.The companys main office were relocated to its still-current location of Purchase, New York in 1970,8 and in 1986 PepsiCo was reincorporated in the state of North Carolina. 5 PepsiCo was the first company to stamp expiration dates, starting in March 1994. PepsiCo Inc. is an Ameri lowlife multinational food and beverage pile headquartered in Purchase, New York, United States, with interests in the manufacturing, grocerying and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other crossings. PepsiCo was formed in 1965 with the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay, Inc.PepsiCo has since expanded from its namesake intersection Pepsi to a broader range of food and beverage brands, the largest of which include an erudition of Tropi good deala in 1998 and a merger with Quaker Oats in 2001which added the Gatorade brand to its portfolio. Competit ion The Coca-Cola Company has historically been considered PepsiCos simple contender in the beverage market,27 and in December 2005, PepsiCo surpassed The Coca-Cola Company in market value for the first time in 112 categorys since both companies began to compete. In 2009, the Coca-Cola Company eld a higher market share in carbonated soft drink sales within the U. S. 28 In the same year, PepsiCo retained a higher share of the U. S. refreshment beverage market, however, reflecting the differences in product lines between the two companies. 28 As a result of mergers, acquisitions and partnerships pursued by PepsiCo in the 1990s and 2000s, its none has shifted to include a broader product base, including foods, snacks and beverages. The majority of PepsiCos revenues no longer come from the production and sale of carbonated soft drinks. 29 Beverages accounted for less than 50 portion of its total revenue in 2009. In the same year, slightly more than 60 percent of PepsiCos beverage sales came from its primary non-carbonated brands, namely Gatorade and Tropicana. 28 PepsiCos Frito-Lay and Quaker Oats brands hold a significant share of the U. S. snack food market, accounting for approximately 39 percent of U. S. snack food sales in 2009. 28 unrivalled of PepsiCos primary competitors in the snack food market overall is Kraft Foods, which in the same year held 11 percent of the U.S. snack market share. As of 2009, 21 PepsiCo brands met that mark Pepsi-Cola, Mountain Dew, Lays, Gatorade, Tropicana, 7Up, Doritos, Lipton Teas, Quaker Foods, Cheetos, Mirinda, Ruffles, Aquafina, Pepsi Max, Tostitos, sierra Mist, Fritos, and Walkers PepsiCo in India Various products in Indian Market are Pepsi Cola, Mirinda, 7up, mountain dew, diet 7up, diet pepsi, lays, kurkure, aquafina, pepsi rick and Tropicana juices. Product in Spot light Pepsi Cola Swot Analysis Of PepsiSwot analysis is based on thorough analysis of business (corporation, Product Category Competition, Customers and products) identifies and evaluates the internal strengths and weaknesses of the company intimately as its impertinent threats and oppurtunities. The marketing mix is driven by the results of swot analysis. Strengths * Company has a very established name and good reputation * As the commit customers of pepsi is young generation, so pepsi has mostly brand loyal customers. * well-nigh of the customers are satisfied with the price of pepsi. * Pepsi spends a lot of budget on its advertising. Pepsi has a very abundant distribution channel and it is easily available everywhere. * Pepsi offers many a(prenominal) discount schemes for customers time to time. * Pepsi Cola is sponsoring sports, musical concerts and so forth * Stylish packaging wish well in my can. * Since Pepsi is has youth Icons of India as its Brand Ambassadors (e. g. Sachin Tandulkar, Ranbir Kapoor, MS Dhoni etc. ) which is in like manner a strong point for the company. Weakness * Pepsi targets only young custom ers in their promotion. * Pepsi tin pack is non available in far off inelegant areas. * Like Coca Cola no nutrition Pepsi is available to attract customers having low sugar preference.Opportunities * Company may start entering rural areas also. * increase interests of people in musical groups, cultural shows and sports has provided an opportunity for pepsi to increase its sales through them. Competitors * The main competitor of company is Coca Cola. Coke has started its advertisements more effectively and it is a very strong threat for pepsi. * Cola drinks are not good for health, so awareness level of people are increasing, which is a coarse threat to company. How Internal and External factors chance uponing the strategies Marketer needs to be the good at grammatical construction relationships with customer.Others in company and external links. To do this effectively they must understand the major environmental forces that surrounds all these relationships company environment consist of forces outside the marketing that effects marketing management. Ability to maintain or build successful relations with target customers. Every company should know the vital importance of unceasingly watching or adapting to the changing environment . as the world moving fast today no one can be the certain about the future. The environment continues the change rapidly.By carefully studying the environment, marketers can adapt their strategies to meet new marketplaces challenges and opportunity some of the external or internal environmental factors that affect the market trend of the companies are as following EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT The macro environment consists of larger societal factors that affect the microenvironment. The external factors are not under the control of marketers. They can just honor them and make strategies in light of these factors. Some of these factors are Demographic Factors * Age The requirements of different age groups are different.Pepsi shoul t arget that customer group that consumes it the most and make promotional strategies according to their port. So their main target is young generation. * Education A company has to make promotional strategies according to the customer level. If the percentage of reproduction is higher in a arena then through advertisements people can me made well aware of their product and can convey their messages easily. Promotion and education has a direct relationship. * Population distribution It pixilateds how much people live in urban and rural areas.Pepsi is focusing more on urban areas as people there are more inclined towards urban areas as compared to rural areas where people prefer drinking lassi and desi drinks. Economic Factors * Income and Income per capita If the income or per capita income of people increases, it go forth shit a constructive effect on the people of pepsi. * Inflation If the country faces inflationary trend in market, the price of pepsi result ultimately incr ease, which will lower its demand. * Fiscal policy If the heavy price is levied on pepsi, its price will increase which will have negative effect on consumption. Monetary policy is made to trim or increase the flow of funds in market. If the policies are made to restrict the flow of money in market, the inflation can be controlled, which ultimately increase the consumption of pepsi. Natural/Physical Factors * country India is divided into different geographical regions. merchandise and sale of pepsi is different in different geographical regions. In hot areas its demand is more. * City siza The cities which are densely populated, the consumption of pepsi is more. * Climate Pepsi is more suitable for humid or hot weathered conditions. It is the source of efreshment when the person is thirsty due to hot weather. * Infrastructure roadstead are the basic need for transportation of pepsi from one place to another. Pepsi cannot open factories in any city as it has to transport to oth er cities where pepsi is demanded. Electricity is the basic necessity for production of any product. Constant agitate shedding slows down the process of production, which can lower market share. Technological Factors * Research and Development through with(predicate) research and development, quality of product can be improved or better techniques or machinery can be developed which can increase the production.When technology is advance the supply of product increase, hence the company experience growth in business. Political and Legal Factors * Political stability Whenever the government iss considered to be stable, the business will flourish, if there is political stability in the country the policies and strategies made by pepsi can be consistent to be implemented. Foreign Countries are also keen to invest in thoe countries which are politically stable where they have no fear of decline in their market share or settlement due to sudden change of government. Mixed Economy In mi xed economy, government and private sphere both play their role in developing the economy of the country. Investment by the foreign country like pepsi is more likely to flourish in mixed economy. * Laws Formulation The government has given repeat rights to Pepsi so that another company cannot sell their products by the name of pepsi. The countries where laws are formulated, the strategies and activities of the company are different. * fond responsibility Pepsis social responsibility is to provide its customer which clean and hygienic product.So to do this, they have increased the use of disposal bottles. Social and cultural factors * Psychographic It is a combionation of demographic and psychological factors. Psychological attributes mean how you perceive things. The company will focus on the port of customers and make different changes in their product quantity or quality and in promoting their product so they can attract the customers. Keeping in view the behavior of different customers is not alike, they have to make their marketing strategies in accordance with their requirements so that they are convinced to buy their product. Religious Religious factors can influence the market sales of pepsi as it happened in 2003, when US led attack on Iraq, wide sections of society in Pakistan have forbidden American multinational coke and pepsi. * Social Status Pepsi is a well renowned brand. People who are brand conscious will not drink beverages of lesser known brands such as kinglike Crown cola. They will try to show their status by drinking pepsi which is known to all as quality drink. * Media It is a very important factor for marketing. Media these days is a very affective air of inspiring people to buy a specific product.A good promotion can boost up sales to a great extent. Micro or Internal Factors * Customers There are 3 types of customers 1. Consumer 2. argumentation 3. Government Pepsis main focus is the consumers which are the end users. Pepsi has to make its marketing strategies keeping in view the consumer buying behavior. To forecast the behavior of consumer is a business problem. The physical aspect of consumer can be satisfied but it is difficult to satisfy the consumer psychologically. Consumer buying behavior is affected by the certain factors like cultural factors, social factors and psychological factors.So the producer should keep these factors in mind while promoting their product so that they can acquire the customers and increase their market share. There are different consumers in the society whose behavior is not the same. Every consumer has a different perception of different products. Some consumers are impressed by one quality of the product which may be in the view of other consumers may not that impressive. So to deal with the different consumers in a society, one should know about the consumer buying behavior process which may help in making a true picture of the product in the mind of consumers. Supplie rs He is the person who provides the raw materials to the producers and the sellers. Supplie form an important link in the companys overall customer value delivery system. They provide the resources needed by the company to produce its goods and services. PepsiCo internationalistic provides raw material to Pepsi franchise in India. Supplier problem can seriously affect marketing. Marketing manager must watch supply availability i. e. supply shortage or delay. The company should superintend the price trends of their key inputs. Rising supply cost may force price increase that can harm the companys sale volume. Competitors He is the person who is selling the same type of product in the market. The marketing concept states that to be successful a company must provide great customer value and satisfaction than its competitor do. Pepsi has a tough competition with coca cola and it faces a little competition with local producers like Rc Cola, Alfa etc. The local producers hardly affect the sale of pepsi in the market. * Market Intermediaries/ Distributers Distributers maintain the image of the product and sale in the market. If items are not properly lay by the distributer, it will disperse the market.Channels of dispersion The pepsi uses the following two channels for the distribution of their products Intensive Distribution Pepsi Co follows anintensive distribution strategy. To support their ubiquitous feature they want to place theirproduct in as many outlets as possible. ? Increases market coverage Distributors 3 to 5 % is the profit bankRetailers 10 % to 16 % is the profit margin DISTRIBUTORS Jain allocators -Munirka, New DelhiManagesbuffer for 10 days anduses TALLY and EXCEL software SS drinks occult Limited WHOLESALERS EKTA Wholesalers Private LimitedManagesbuffer for 2-3 days anduses EXCEL oftware RETAIL AmitCorner, KatwariaSarai Transportation cost, vehicle cost at each stage is borne by intermediaries. CHANNEL MANAGEMENT PepsiCo has lot of control o ver the channel In case of Pepsi to Authorised distributor to retailshops (defined territory of distributor. Pepsi assigns a particular territory to the distributor under an agreement. No intervention into others territory withour companys knowledge. Retailers accountable to the authorized distributors. Suggestions Install vending machines for direct distribution monetary support to franchises.